Pharm Flashcards
What is delerium?
Delerium is a fluctuating level of consciousness
This can be caused by medications in the elderly, specifically
Anticholinergics like:
diphenhydromine
tricyclic antidepressents
What are the first line treatment for NSTEMI in the hospital?
LMWH
has been shown to decrease mortality when given to patients after an NSTEMI
What are prophylactic treatments for migraine headaches?
ppx for migraines:
- beta blockers
- topiramate
- CCB
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- SSRI
- valproic acid
What is the medical treatment for
trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazapine is the medical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
Increases the inactivation of Na channels
anti-epileptic medication
What are side effects of carbamazapine?
carbamazapine can cause:
ataxia, diplopia, SIADH
agranular cytosis
DRESS
SJS/TEN
neural tube defects (teratogenic)
What is the ppx for traveler’s diarrhea
PPX for traveler’s diarrhea is
bismouth sabsalicylate
if the patient is high risk (hx of abnormal GI anatomy, motility, or taking medications that may alter the biome of the gut) rifixamin is the abx currently recommended
What is the pharmacologic management of choice in a patient with osteoperosis and a history of breast cancer?
Raloxifine is the treatment of choice for a patient with osteoperosis and a history of breast cancer.
Raloxifine is a SERM which will decrease the risk of breast cancer.
However, raloxifine is contraindicated if the patient has any venous thrombotic disorders because it will increase the risk for clotting.
What class of drugs are commnly used to treat urinary urgency due to BPH?
alpha-1 antagonists (doxazosin) are commonly used to treat urinary urgency due to BPH.
Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of alpha-1 antagonists
what is the ppx for altitude sickness?
acetazolemide- a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
works to ofset respiratory alkilosis caused by hyperventilation and helps prevent pulmonary and cerebral edema
What is the appropriate treatment for Sjogren Syndrome?
Sjogren syndrome is an auto immune disease that destroys the exocrine organs of the body. It typically presents with dry eyes, dry mouth, and bilateral swelling of the parotid glands.
Diagnosis is with parotid gland biopsy.
treat with pilocarpine- a muscarinic agonist to increase secretions
What is the
2nd line treatment for lichlen sclerosis after topical steroids have failed?
Tacrolimus, a calciurin inhibitor, is the second line treatment for lichen sclerosis after topical steroids have failed.
What does aldosterone do?
Aldosterone causes the absorption of Na in the distal tubule.
in turn, potassium is secreted.
In conditions without aldosterone, Na is not reabsorbed, therefore K is not excreted so you get hyperkalemia.
What is the most common side effect of minoxidil?
Minoxidil is a medication used for hypertension. It causes vasodilation.
the most common side effect is hypertrichosis (hair growth)
minoxidil has a topical formulation= Rogaine
What is the GFR below which metformin is contraindicated?
GFR <30 is a contraindication for using metformin
What is the most common side effect of
memantine?
the most common side effect of memantine is
headaches
