Pharm 4

Question 1

alpha1

Answer 1

vasoconstriction (by inc smooth muscle tone so inc BP), urinary retention, mydriasis (dilation)

Question 2

beta1

Answer 2

inc HR and force of constraction, thus positive ionotropic and chronotropic actions

Question 3

beta2

Answer 3

bronchodilation (smooth muscle) and vasodilation of skeletal blood vessels

Question 4

alpha 1 block

Answer 4

vasodilation

Question 5

beta1 block

Answer 5

dec HR

Question 6

beta 2 block

Answer 6

bronchoconstriction

Question 7

levadopa

Answer 7

for parkinsons. levodopa is precursor to dopamine but can cross BBB. give with carbadopa (sacrificial) for dopa decarboxylase in periphery. levadopa is sympathomimetic and will create sympathetic issues in periphery
Side effects: abnormal facial movements, naseau, vomiting, cardiac arrythmia, and mental disturbances

Question 8

alpha2

Answer 8

given orally they cause hypotension by reducing sympathetic outflow from CNS

Question 9

eye sympathetic

Answer 9

mydriasis or relaxation of ciliary muscles

Question 10

heart symp

Answer 10

acceleration and inc contraction

Question 11

vascular smooth muscle symp

Answer 11

vasoconstriction

Question 12

bronchiolar smooth muscle symp

Answer 12

relaxation/bronchodilation

Question 13

sweat glands symp

Answer 13

sweating

Question 14

alpha blockers

Answer 14

-sin, phentolamine, chlopromazine

Question 15

most potent bronshodilator of sympathetics

Answer 15

isoproterenol

Question 16

vasoconstriction of gingival vessels

Answer 16

levonordefrin, epi, phenylephrine

Question 17

pharmacological agonist

Answer 17

binds to a specific receptor and produces a response

Question 18

efficacy

Answer 18

drug that causes the greatest maximum effect

Question 19

LD50

Answer 19

mean lethal dose

Question 20

ED50

Answer 20

mean effective dose

Question 21

theraputic index

Answer 21

LD50/ED50

Question 22

physiological antagonism

Answer 22

two drugs produce opposite effects but dont act on same receptor (epi/histamine, and epi/nitroglycerin)

Question 23

synergism

Answer 23

combo effect is greater than two effects added together

Question 24

idiosyncrisy reactions

Answer 24

genetically determined abnormal responses to drugs. related to species, genetics, age

Question 25

potency

Answer 25

amount of drug compared to resposne

Question 26

effective antagonist

Answer 26

no intrinsic activity and high affinity

Question 27

benzodiazapines

Answer 27

sedatives (diazapam, chlordiazopoxide) modulate inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. advantages over barbituates (less addictive potential, less profound CNS depression, larger therapeutic index, less respiratory depression). many BDZ form active metabolites, IV injection can cause thromobphlebitis (from solvent IV is dissolved in)

Question 28

Barbituates

Answer 28

sedative metabolized by liver. thiopental ( rapidly redistribution from brain (rapid in and out) quick onset and short duration). barbs are not analgesic. overdose kills from respiratory depression. contraindicated in pt with intermittent porphyria (enhance porphyria synthesis so make it worse), emphysema, and undiagnsoed severe pain. side effects inc seretions (saliva and bronchiol)

Question 29

antipsychotics; first gen

Answer 29

phenothiazines, chlorpromazine, haloperidol. blocakde of dopaminergic sites in the brain. side effects: anticholinergic, extrapyramidal effects resulting in taardive dyskensia, jaundice, photosensitivity, antiadregenergic affect hypothalaic temp reg system

Question 30

second gen antipsychotics

Answer 30

clozapine. block dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. treat negative as well as positive symptoms. fewer extrapyramidal side effects like tardive dyskensia. affect hypothal temp reg system