Pharm 2

Question 1

broad spectrum abx and coumadin

Answer 1

increase coumarin anticoags because of reduction of vit k resources

Question 2

ampicillin and oral contraceptives

Answer 2

decreases effectiveness due to supression of GI flora involved in the recycling of active steroids from bile conjugates, leading to more rapid excretions of the steroids form the body

Question 3

macrolides (erythromycin) inhibit the metabolism of

Answer 3

drugs like seldane or digoxin

Question 4

acyclovir

Answer 4

antiviral- herpes

Question 5

flucoconazole or ketoconazole

Answer 5

antifungals (candidiasis)

Question 6

able to achieve higher bone levels than serum

Answer 6

clindamycin- good for bone infection (osteomyelitis)

Question 7

higher gingival fluid level than serium

Answer 7

tetracyclines

Question 8

tetracyclines

Answer 8

suprainfetion, photosensitivity, discoloration of forming teeth, GI symptoms (if taken orally)

Question 9

most broad

Answer 9

chlortetracycline

Question 10

furosemide

Answer 10

high ceiling/ loop diuretic. Hypertension other one that fits in this category (etnacrynic acid) cause deafness (ototoxicity)

Question 11

beta blockers

Answer 11

propranolol- slows heart down- reduces 02 need. prevents chronotropic response to endogenous epi, emotions, excercise. also inhibits renin secretion

Question 12

metroprolol, and atenolol

Answer 12

cardio selective beta blockers- hypertension. selective beta1

Question 13

prazosin

Answer 13

alpha 1 blocker- hypertension. inhibits binding of nerve induced release of NE resulting in vasodilation

Question 14

methyldopa

Answer 14

centrally acting adrenergic drugs- hypertension. false neurotransmitter stimulating alpha receptors to reduce sympathetic outflow resulting in vasodilation

Question 15

guanethidine

Answer 15

neuronal blocker (reserved for rel bad hypertension)

Question 16

captopril/ lisinopril

Answer 16

angiotensin converter inhibitors- hypertension (blocks production of angiotensin 2 a vasoconstrictor)

Question 17

angina

Answer 17

pain due to lack of )2 in heart- nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers (verapamil), sometimes beta blockers

Question 18

ventricular arrythmia

Answer 18

lidocaine- type 1B agents- decrease excitability

Question 19

reverses digitalis induced arrythmia

Answer 19

phenytoin

Question 20

quinidine

Answer 20

type 1A agent- increases refractory period of heart. supraventricular tachyarrythmias, atrial fibrillation

Question 21

verapamil

Answer 21

ca++ channel blocker, supraventricular tachyarrythmias, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation. (in angina lower 02 need by reducing afterload by reducing peripheral resistance via vasodilation)

Question 22

digitalis

Answer 22

a fib (dec. rate of A-V conduction), paroxysmal tachycardia. digitalis toxcicity (extrasystoles, naseau, vomiting, yellow-green vision, A-V conduction block, NOT dec PR interval) digitalis toxcicity is more likely with chlorthiazide (less K makes digitalis easier to penetrate)

Question 23

propranalol

Answer 23

paroxysmal tachycardia

Question 24

nitroglycerin

Answer 24

increases 02 supply to heart by direct vasodilation of smooth muscle in cardiac arteries

Question 25

clonidine

Answer 25

sleective agonist stimulates alpha 2 receptors in the cns to reduce sympathetic outflow to peripheral vessels resulting in vasodilation. centrally acting hypertension drug

Question 26

thiazides

Answer 26

chlorothiazides.. diuretic

Question 27

potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 27

spironolactone

Question 28

congestive heart failure drugs

Answer 28

digitalis or digitoxin, positive ionotropic effect increasing the force of contraction of the myocardium, . inhibits Na-K-ATPase pump to lead to increase in calcium- inc the force of contraction

Question 29

Aspirin MOA

Answer 29

analgesics: inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins
antipyretic: inhibit PG synthesis in hypothalamus temp regulation area (and peripheral vasodilation)
bleeding time: inhibit thromboxan A2 synthesis which affects platelets
anti inflammatory and anti rheumatic

Question 30

side effects of aspirin

Answer 30

occult bleeding from GI, tinnitis, nausea and vomiting, acid-base disorder, metabolic acidosis, decreased tubular reabsorbtion of uric acid, salicylism, delerium, hyperventalation