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Split Up Boards > Pharm 3 > Flashcards

Pharm 3 Flashcards

1
Q

acetaminophen

A

lacks antiinflammatory, hepatotoxic (esp. with OH or 4 gm a day), does not have GI sensitivity. drug of choice for children,

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2
Q

ibuprofen

A

much less GI issues than aspirin

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3
Q

difflunisal (dolobid

A

has a longer half life than aspirin

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4
Q

vioxx

A

cox 2 inhibitor

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5
Q

corticosteroids MOA

A

triamcinolone- inhibit phospholipase A2 (precurser to prostaglandins)

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6
Q

analgesic mixed agonist antagonist

A

pentazocine and nalbuphine- dont give to addicts becasue it creates withdrawal symptoms

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7
Q

morhpine addicts

A

naloxone reverses for overdose, methadone is treatment for adddict to recover from addiction

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8
Q

morphine effects

A

binds to specific (mu) recpetors in CNS,respiration depression, euphoria, sedation, dysphoria, anlagesia, constipation and urinary retention. vomiting (medullary chemorecceptors)

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9
Q

overdose of morphine

A

coma, miosis, respiratory depression (loss of medullary centers for Co2 signals)

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10
Q

codeine supresses

A

cough reflex (as do other opioids but this is best)

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11
Q

competitive muscarinic receptor blockers

A

atropine (blocks vagal reflexive control of heart =tachycardia), scopolamine, propantheline. These treat overproductive saliva secretions

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12
Q

reversible acetylcholinesterases

A

physostigmine (both centrally and peripherally)

neostigmine (only peripherally, but has some direct ACh like activity at neuromuscular junction.

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13
Q

direct acting cholinergic agonsits

A

pilocarpine, methacholine. tx: xerostomia

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14
Q

irreversibly inhibit cholinesterase

A

insectacides and organophosphates (kill from too much chilinergic)

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15
Q

pralidoxime

A

enzyme regenerator (cholinesterase) used in organophosphate toxicity

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16
Q

depolarizing neuromuscular junction blocker

A

succinylcholine (subject to rapid inactivationby plasma psuedocholinesterase) tx: laryngospasm

17
Q

non-depolarizing nueromuscular junction blocker

A

d-tubocurarine

18
Q

ganglionic blockers

A

mecamylamine and hexamethonium. produce orthostatic hypotension

19
Q

cholinergic crisis symptoms

A

bradycardia, lacrimation, salivation, voluntary muscle weakness, diarrhea, bronchoconstiction. treat by giving atropine

20
Q

scopolamine overdose

A

disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, burning dry mouth, hyperthermia. treat with: physsostigmine

21
Q

cholinergic effects

A

eye: miosis (constriction) and lowers intraocular pressure
CV: bradycardia, vasodilation (only injected agents)
Gi tract: increased spassmotic activity, increase salivation and acid secretion (overdone: naseua, vomiting, diarrhhea)
urinary tract: increased urination
respiratory: bronchoconstriction
glandular: lacrimation, sweating
skeletal muscle: tremor and ataxia (overdose: weakness, cramps, fasciculations)

22
Q

anticholinergic effects

A

atropine
eye: myadrisis (dilation), inc intraocular pressure
CV: tachycardia
GI tract: dec spasmodic activity, less salivation and acid production
Urinary tract: dec urination
respiratiory: bronchodilation
glandular: dec lacrimation, dec sweating, (overdose: hot dry skin)
skeletal muscle: no effects (only muscarinic)
CNS: tertiary amines (atropine) get into brain and cause restlessness, headache, excitment, hallucinations, and delirium. (quaternanry only peripheral)

23
Q

receptor blockers

A

prazosin and propranalol work by competitive inhibition of post junctional adrenergic receptors

24
Q

reserpine

A

depletes NE by inhibiting reuptake (into storage sites). blocks amphetamines

25
Q

guanethedine

A

inhibits release of catecholamines (NE)

26
Q

alpha methyldopa

A

acts centrally as false neurotransmitter which gets taken up and released as NE (thus decreasing sympathetic activity)

27
Q

clonidine

A

stimulates alpha2 receptors in CNS with a resulting decrease in sympathetic flow

28
Q

indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs

A

amphetamine, tyramine, and ephedrine: stimulate release of stored NE
TCAs and Cocaine: block reuptake
MAOIs: block enzymatic destruction

29
Q

epinephrine reversal in presence of alpha blocker

A

(prazosin or chlorpromazine) causes dec blood pressure, because of beta mediation vasodilation dominates

30
Q

vagal reflex

A

injection of pressor dose of NE may result in dec heart rate due to activation of baroreceptors which stimulate vagus to slow H. blocked by atropine

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