Pharm Flashcards
patients with sulfa allergies should aaoid what bp meds
thiazide and loops
what alternative potassium sparing diuretic should be used in pts who have a sulfa allergy
triaterine and amiloride (midamor)
side effect of spironolactone is
gynecomastia and hyperkalemia
A fairly common (5%–20%) side effect of ACEIs
dry cough. The cough may occur a few hours after the first dose or within weeks to months. Stop the ACEI and switch to another antihypertensive drug class or switch to an ARB (diabetic, CKD, HF).
ACEIs and ARBs are contraindicated in
pregnancy, renal artery stenosis, angioedema, hyperkalemia (>5.5 mmol/L), and hypersensitivity to the drug.
ACEIs and ARBs protect the kidneys and are preferred drugs for treatment of
treatment of hypertension in diabetics and patients with mild-to-moderate CKD. But if severe CKD (eGFR <60), avoid these drugs because of higher risk of hyperkalemia.
Avoid using diltiazem and verapamil (nondihydropyridine CCBs) in patients with
HFrEF (can worsen it).
CCB can cause what
Peripheral edema
Hypotension and bradycardia are the main symptoms of
CCB poisioning
Alpha-blockers are potent vasodilators. Common side effects are
dizziness and hypotension. Give at bedtime at very low dose and slowly titrate up. Careful with frail elderly (risk of syncope and falls).
Tetracyclines can decrease what
oral contraceptives
erythromycin has many
GI side effects
what is the most well tolerated macrolide with rare GI effects
azithromyocin
May prolong INR and increase risk of bleeding if warfarin is mixed with e
erythromycin or clarithromycin.
pts who have a true allergy to PCN are more likely to have an allergy to
cephalosporings
Dicloxacillin is for
(mastitis and impetigo).
Some women will experience candida vaginitis with
Recommend taking probiotic capsules or eating yogurt daily. If needed, suggest use of OTC miconazole.
Bioterrorism-related inhalation of anthrax spores (postexposure prophylaxis) is treated with
ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours × 60 days (treat within 48 hours). In addition, a three-dose series of anthrax vaccine is recommended.
Cutaneous anthrax is treated with
ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day × 7 to 10 days.
Traveler’s diarrhea (severe) is treated with
Cipro 750 mg (single dose) or 500 mg twice a day × 3 days.
Ciprofloxacin has the best activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative) and is the first-line drug for treating
pseudomonal pneumonia for patients with cystic fibrosis.
For athletes or very physically active patients, if fluoroquinolone is needed, advise to
reduce their training volume and intensity to reduce risk of Achilles tendon injury. Wait from 2 to 4 weeks after completion of fluoroquinolones before resumption of sport or activity.
Patients with a UTI who are on warfarin (Coumadin) should not be given
MP-SMX (increased risk of bleeding). Monitor INR closely.