GU Flashcards
Right kidney is __ to the left kidney
lower
considered the best overall measure of renal function in primary care.
EGFR
Large amounts of squamous epithelial cells in a urine sample indicate
contaminiation
few RBCS under what is considered normal
<3
WBC casts may be seen with
infections
RBC casts are caused by
microscopic bleeding in the glomeruli suspect glemerulonepehritis
WBC casts with proteinuria and hematuria are associated with
pyelonephritis
CKD stages
Stage 1 ≥ 90 mL/min Kidney damage with normal or high kidney function
Stage 2 60 to 89 mL/min Mild loss of kidney function
Stage 3a 45 to 59 mL/min Mild-to-moderate loss of kidney function
Stage 3b 30 to 44 mL/min Moderate-to-severe loss of kidney function
Stage 4 15 to 29 mL/min Severe loss of kidney function
Stage 5 < 15 mL/min Kidney failure
preferred imaging study for nephrolithiasis (renal calculi) kidney stones
CT of the abodmen and pelvis w/o contrast
Treatment stones
For stones that are ≤5 mm, most will pass the stone spontaneously. Instruct patient to strain urine for several days and bring kidney stone to office (if passed) for stone analysis by laboratory.
For stones >5 and ≤10 mm in diameter, treatment includes tamsulosin for up to 4 weeks to facilitate stone passage. If tamsulosin is not available, can use another alpha-blocker or calcium channel blocker to facilitate stone passage (relaxes smooth muscles of ureters).
Urology consult for stones >10 mm; stones >5 mm in diameter if patients have failed to pass the stone after a 4-week trial of an alpha blocker; patients with a UTI, AKI, anuria, and/or unyielding pain, nausea, or vomiting.
UTI > what
100,000
Use of the spermicide nonoxynol-9 can increase the risk of
UTI’s in females
Long-term use of nitrofurantoin is associated with
lung problems, chronic hepatitis, and neuropathy.
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated with
renal insufficiency. Baseline chest x-ray, liver function tests, and neurologic exam should be obtained, and patients monitored closel
