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Pharm Flashcards

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1
Q

Medications that are at a greater risk for toxicity in older adults

A
  • Diuretics
  • Antihypertensives
  • Digoxin
  • Steroids
  • Anticoagulants
  • Hypnotics
  • OTC meds
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2
Q

How long after administration should a peak level be drawn for an oral medication?

A

1-2 hr

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3
Q

How long after administration of an IM medication should peak levels be drawn?

A

1 hr

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4
Q

How long after administration of an IV med should a peak level be drawn?

A

30 min

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5
Q

Lab levels that reflect the highes concentration of a med in the blood

A

peak level

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6
Q

Lab levels that reflect the lowest concentration of a med in the blood

A

trough

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7
Q

When should a trough level be drawn?

A

15 min prior to admin of next scheduled dose

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8
Q

Antidote for Curare

A

Edriphonium

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9
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

Methylene Blue

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10
Q

Iron antidote

A

Deferoxamine

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11
Q

Lead poisoning antidote

A

Succimer

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12
Q

-dipine

Suffix

A

Ca+ channel blocker

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13
Q

-afil

Suffix

A

Erectile dysfunction

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14
Q

-caine

Suffix

A

Anesthetics

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15
Q

-pril

suffix

A

ACE inhibitor

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16
Q

-pam, -lam

Suffix

A

Bensodiazepine

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17
Q

-statin

Suffix

A

Antilipidemic

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18
Q

-asone, -solone

Suffix

A

Corticosteroid

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19
Q

-olol

Suffix

A

Beta Blocker

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20
Q

-cillin

Suffix

A

Penicillin

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21
Q

-ide

Suffix

A

Oral hypoglycemic

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22
Q

-prazole

Suffix

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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23
Q

-vir

Suffix

A

Antiviral

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24
Q

-ase

suffix

A

Thrombolytic

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25
Q

-azine

suffix

A

Antiemetic

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26
Q

-phylline

suffix

A

Bronchodialator

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27
Q

-arin

Suffix

A

Anticoagulant

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28
Q

-dine

Suffix

A

Antiulcer

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29
Q

-zine

suffix

A

Antihistamine

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30
Q

-cycline

suffix

A

Antibiotic

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31
Q

-mycin

Suffix

A

Aminoglycoside

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32
Q

-floxacin

suffix

A

Antibiotic

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33
Q

-tyline

Suffix

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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34
Q

-pram, -ine

suffix

A

SSRI’s

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35
Q

-azole

suffix

A

antifungal

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36
Q

-sartan

suffix

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

ARB’s

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37
Q

Therapeutic use:
* Hypertension
* Heart failure
* MI
* Diabetic nephropathy

A

ACE Inhibitors & ARB’s

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38
Q

What med is this?

Precautions/Interactions
* Use with caution if diuretic therapy is in place.
* Monitor potassium levels.

A

ACE Inhibitors & ARBs

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39
Q

Side/Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors and ARBs

A

Side/Adverse Effects:
* Persistent nonproductive cough with ACE inhibitors
* Angioedema
* Hypotension
* Should not be used in second and third trimester of pregnancy

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40
Q

All of the following are examples of what?

  • Captopri
  • Enalapril
  • Enalaprilat (intravenous route)
  • Fosinopril
  • Lisinopril
A

ACE Inhibitors

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41
Q

All of the following are examples of what?

  • Losartan
  • Valsartan
  • Irbesartan
A

ARBs

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42
Q

What med is this?

Action: Slows movement of calcium into smooth-muscle cells, resulting in arterial dilation and decreased blood pressure

A

Calcium Channel blockers

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43
Q

All of the following are examples of what?

  • Nifedipine
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
  • Amlodipine
A

Ca+ channel blockers

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44
Q

What med is this?

Therapeutic Use:
* Angina
* Hypertension
* May be used for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or SVT.

A

Ca+ Channel Blockers

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45
Q

What med is this?

Precautions/Interactions
* Use cautiously in clients taking digoxin and beta blockers.
* Contraindicated for clients who have heart failure heart block, or bradycardia
* Do not consume grapefruit juice (toxic effects).

A

Ca+ Channel blockers

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46
Q

Adverse/Side effects of Ca+ Blockers

A
  • Constipation
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Peripheral edema
  • Toxicity
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47
Q

If angioedema occurs w/ ACE Inhibitors or ARBs what needs to be given?

A

Epinephrine

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48
Q

Nursing interventions and education for Ca+ Channel blockers

A
  • Do not crush or chew sustained-release tablets.
  • Administer IV injection over 2 to 3 min.
  • Slowly taper dose if discontinuing
  • Monitor heart rate and blood pressure
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49
Q

All of the following are what types of medications

  • ACE Inhibitors
  • ARBs
  • Ca+ Channel Blockers
  • Beta Blockers
  • Vasodialators
A

Antihypertensives

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50
Q

Nursing interventions for patients taking antihypertensives

A
  • Assess weight, vital signs, and hydration status.
  • Assess blood pressure in supine, sitting, and standing positions
  • Assess laboratory profiles: renal function, coagulation.
  • Teach clients to take medication at same time each day
  • Clients should avoid hot tubs and saunas
  • Do not discontinue medication abruptly.
  • Prevent orthostatic hypotension.
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51
Q

What med is this?

Action: Direct vasodilation of arteries and veins resulting in decreased preload and afterload

A

Vasodilators

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52
Q

All of the following are examples of what?

  • Nitroglycerin
  • Enalaprilat
  • Nitroprusside
  • Hydralazine
A

Vasodilators

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53
Q

What type medication is used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

Vasodilators

54
Q

Interactions/precautions for vasodilators

A
  • Clients who have hepatic or renal disease
  • Older adults
  • Electrolyte imbalances
55
Q

Side/Adverse effects of vasodilators

A
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Profound hypotension
  • Cyanide toxicity
  • Thiocyanate poisoning
56
Q

Nursing interventions and client teachings for Vasodilators

A
  • Apply protective cover to container
  • Discard unused fluid after 24 hr
  • Provide continuous ECG and blood d. pressure monitoring.
57
Q

Used in the treatment of clients who have heart failure and/or A-fib

A

Cardiac glycosides

58
Q

Action:
* Increase the force and velocity of myocardial contractions to improve stroke volume and cardiac output.
* Slow the conduction rate, allowing for increased ventricular filling.

A

Cardiac glycosides

59
Q

Digoxin is an example of what type of medication?

A

Cardiac glycoside

60
Q

Precautions/Interactions for cardiac glycosides

A
  • Thiazide or loop diuretics increase risk of hypokalemia and precipitate digoxin toxicity
  • ACE and ARBs increase risk of hyperkalemia
  • Verapamil increases risk of toxicity
61
Q

If a patient is taking Digoxin all of the following are S/S of what?

  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Diplopia
  • Blurred vision
  • Yellow-green or white halos around objects
A

Digoxin toxicity

62
Q

List S/S of digoxin toxicity

A
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Diplopia
  • Blurred vision
  • Yellow-green or white halos around objects
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
63
Q

Nursing intervetions/client education for cardiac glycosides

Digoxin

A
  • Assess apical pulse for 1 min prior to administration
  • Notify provider if HR is less than 60 (adult), less than 70 (child), or less than 90 (infant).
  • Monitor for signs of digoxin toxicity, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia
  • Notify provider of any sudden increase in pulse rate that previously had been normal or low s. Maintain therapeutic digoxin level.
64
Q

What to do for digoxin toxicity

A
  1. Discontinue digoxin and potassium-wasting medications
  2. Treat dysrhythmias with phenytoin (or lidocaine).
  3. Treat bradycardia with atropine.
  4. For excess overdose, administer digoxin immune FAB to prevent absorption.
65
Q

Methods of administration for antianginal medications

A
  • Sublingual tablet
  • Sustained-release tablet
  • Transdermal ointment
  • Transderm unit (patch)
66
Q

What type of med is this?

Therapeutic Use
* Acute angina attack
* Prophylaxis of chronic stable or variant angina

A

Antianginal meds

67
Q

Precautions/interactions for antianginal medications

A
  • Contraindicated in clients with head injury
  • Hypotensive risk with antihypertensive medications
  • Contraindicated if taking erectile dysfunction medications life-threatening hypotension
68
Q

Side/Adverse effects of antianginals

A
  • Headache
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Tolerance
69
Q

What med is this?

  • Administer sublingual
  • Rest for 5 min. If pain not relieved by first tablet, call 911, then take a second tablet. May use up to three tablets taken 5 min apart.
  • Keep in original dark container.
  • May be used prophylactically 5 to 10 min before exercise.
  • Do not shake Nitrolingual canister (forms bubbles).
  • Replace NTG tablets every 6 months.
  • Wear medical alert identification.
A

Nitrostat/Nitrolingual

70
Q
  • Wear gloves for administration.
  • Do not massage or rub area
  • Apply to area without hair (chest, flank, or upper arm preferable).
  • Cover the area where the patch is placed with a clear plastic wrap and tape in place.
  • Gradually reduce the dose and frequency of application over 4 to 6 weeks.
A

Nitro-bid

topical oitment

71
Q

What medication is this?

  • Skin irritation may alter medication absorption.
  • Optimal locations for patch are upper chest or side; pelvis; and inner, upper arm.
  • Rotate skin sites, usually worn for 12 to 14 hr then removed
A

Nitro-Dur

Transdermal patch

72
Q

What type med is this?

Action: complex agents with multiple mechanisms of action. They are classified according to their effects on the electrical conduction system of the heart

A

Antidysrhythmic

73
Q

All of the following are examples of what type of med?

  • Adenosine
  • Atropine
  • Amnioderone
A
74
Q

Precautions/interactions for Antidysrhythmic Agents

A
  • Toxicity is a major concern due to additive effects.
  • Caution is needed when used with an AV block
  • Caution is needed when using anticholinergic medications
75
Q

What medication is this

  • Antidysrhythmic
  • Convert SVT to sinus rhythm
  • S/E: Flushing, nausea, Bronchospasm, prolonged asystole
  • Nursing interventions: Rapid IV (1 to 2 seconds) push Flush immediately with normal saline
A

Adenosine

76
Q
  • Theraputic use: Ventricular fibrillation, unstable ventricular tachycardia
  • S/E: Bradycardia Cardiogenic shock Pulmonary disorders
  • Nursing Interventions: Incompatible with heparin May be given in PO maintenance dose Monitor for respiratory complications
A

Amnioderone

77
Q
  • Theraputic use: Bradycardia, known exposure to chemical nerve agent, reduce secretions
  • S/E: When used for life-threatening emergency, has no contraindications
  • Nursing Interventions: Monitor for dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, urinary retention, and constipation.
A

Atropine

78
Q

-statins and cholesterol absorption inhibitors are examples of what?

A

Antilipidemic medications

79
Q

Adverse/side effects of Antilipidemic meds

A
  • Monitor for dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Photophobia
  • Urinary retention, and constipation
80
Q

General precautions/interactions for oral hypoglycemics

A
  • Caution in clients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac disorders.
  • Generally avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Instruct client to discuss with prescriber.
81
Q

What type of insulin is this?

Onset: 15 - 30 min
Peak: 0.5 - 2.5 hr
Duration: 3 - 6 hr

A

Rapid acting: Lispro

82
Q

What type of insulin is this?

Onset: 0.5 - 1 hr
Peak: 1 - 5 hr
Duration: 6 - 10 hr

A

Short acting: Regular

83
Q

What type of Insulin is this?

Onset: 1 - 2 hr
Peak: 6 - 14 hr
Duration: 16 - 24

A

Intermediate: NPH

84
Q

What type of insulin is this?

Onset: 70 min
Peak: none
Duration: 24 hr

A

Long acting: Insulin Glargine

85
Q

Reasons why someone on oral hypoglycemics may need insulin therapy

A
  • Undergoing diagnostic tests
  • NPO status
  • Pregnant
  • Severe kidney or liver disease is present
  • Oral agents are inefficient
  • Treatment of hyperkalemia
86
Q

When mixing regular with NPH insulin, what needs to be drawn first?

A

Regular

87
Q

What insulins cannot be mixed?

A
  • Lispro
  • Glargine
  • Combination 70/30
88
Q

All of the following are examples of what type of medication? What is their action?

  • Dexamethasone
  • Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
  • Fludrocortisone acetate
  • Prednisone
A
  • Adrenal Hormone Replacement Medications
  • Action: Anti-i inflammatory, suppresses immune response
89
Q

What type of medication is this?

Therapeutic Uses
* Acute and chronic replacement for adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
* Inflammation, allergic reactions, cancer

A

Adrenal Hormone Replacement Medications

90
Q

Precations/Interactions for Adrenal Hormone Replacement medications

A
  • Contraindicated in clients who have systemic fungal infection.
  • Caution in clients who have hypertension, gastric ulcers, diabetes, osteoporosis
  • Requires higher doses in acute illness or extreme stress
91
Q

Side/Adverse effects of Adrenal Hormone Replacement medications

A
  • Adrenal suppression when administered for inflammation & allergic reactions
  • Infection
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Osteoporosis GI bleeding
  • Fluid retention
92
Q

Nursing Interventions/patient education for Adrenal Hormone Replacement medications

A
  • Do not skip doses.
  • Monitor blood pressure
  • Monitor fluid and electrolyte (F&E) balance, weight, and output
  • Monitor for signs of bleeding and GI discomfort.
  • Teach client to take calcium supplements and maintain vitamin D levels.
  • Give with food.
  • Taper off dose regimen when discontinuing medication
  • Provide immunoprotection
93
Q

What medication is this?

Theraputic use:
* Stimulate RBC production
* Anemia
S/E:
* HTN
Nursing Interventions:
* Subcutaneous or IV
* Do not agitate vial
* Monitor hematocrit and hemoglobin

A

Epoetin Alfa

94
Q

What medication is this?

Use:
* Stimulate WBC production
* Neutropenia related to cancer
S/E:
* Bone pain
* Leukocytosis
Nursing Interventions
* Subcutaneous or lV
* Do not agitate vial
* Monitor CBC

A

Filgrastim & injection Pegfilgrastim

95
Q

What medication is this?

Use:
* Stimulate platelet production
* Thrombocytopenia related to cancer
S/E:
* Fluid retention
* Blurred vision
* Cardiac dysrhythmias
Nursing Interventions: Administer within 6 to 24 hr after chemotherapy Subcutaneous

A

Oprelvekin

96
Q

Medications for Hematopoietic Growth factors

A
  • Epoetin Alfa
  • Filgrastim & Injection Pegfilgrastim
  • Oprelvekin
97
Q

All of the following are examples of what?

  • Ferrous sulfate
  • Ferrous Gluconate
  • Ferrous Fumarate
A

Iron suppluments

98
Q

What type of abx is this?

Medications:
* Amikacin
* Gentamicin sulfate
* Streptomycin
Used to treat:
* Septicemia
* Meningitis
* Pneumonia
Precautions:
* High risk for ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity
* Monitor creatinine and BUN
* Monitor trough levels

A

Aminoglycosides

99
Q

What type of abx is this?

Medications:
* Cephalexin
* Cefaclor
* Cefotaxime
Used to treat:
* Upper respiratory, skin, urinary infections
* Used as prophylaxis for clients at risk
Precautions:
* Cross-sensitivity with penicilins
* Monitor for signs of Clostridium difficile

A

Cephalosporins

100
Q

What type of abx is this?

Medications:
* Ciprofloxacin
* Levofloxacin
Used to treat:
* Bronchitis
* Chlamydia
* Gonorrhea
* PID
* UTI
* Pneumonia
* Prostatitis
* Sinusitis

A

Fluoroquinolones

101
Q

What type of ABX is this?

Medications:
* Azithromycin
* Clarithromycin
* Erythromycin
Used to treat:
* Upper respiratory infections
* Sinusitis
* Legionnaires’ disease
* Whooping cough
* Acute diphtheria
* Chlamydia
Precautions:
* Used for clients who have penicillin allergy
* Administer with meals

A

Macrolides

102
Q

What type of abx is this?

Used to treat: UTI
Precautions:
* Broad-spectrum
* Contraindicated in renal dysfunction
* Urine will have brown discoloration

A

Nitrofurantoin

103
Q

What type of ABX is this?

Medications
* Amoxicillin
* Ampicillin
Used to treat:
* Pneumonia
* Upper respiratory infections
* Septicemia
* Endocarditis
* Rheumatic fever
* GYN infections
Precautions: Hypersensitivity with possible anaphylaxis

A

Penicillins

104
Q

What type of abx is this?

Medications:
* Trimethoprim
* Sulfamethoxazole
Used to treat:
* UTI
* Bronchitis
* Otitis media
Precautions:
* Consume at least 3 Lday of fluid
* Use backup contraceptives
* Avoid sun exposure

A

Sulfonamides

105
Q

What abx is this?

Medications:
* Doxycycline calcium
* Tetracycline HCI
Used to treat:
* Fungal
* Bacterial
* Protozoal
* Rickettsial infections
Precautions:
* Consume at least 3 Lday of fluid
* Use backup contraceptives
* Avoid sun exposure
* Permanent tooth discoloration if given to children younger than 8 years

A

Tetracyclines

106
Q

What type of abx is this?

Medication:
* Vancomycin
Theraputic use:
* MRSA
* Bacterial infections
* C. difficile infections
Precautions:
* Contraindication: Allergy to corn
* Caution: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
* Administer over 1 hr IV to prevent red man syndrome
* Monitor trough lovels

A

Glycopeptide

107
Q

What type of antimicrobial is this?

Medication: Fluconazole
Use: Candidiasis infections
Precautions:
* Monitor hepatic and renal function
* Refrigerate suspensions
* Increased risk of bleeding for clients taking anticoagulants

A

Antifungal

108
Q

What type of antimicrobial is this?

Medications:
* Hydroxychloroquine
* Quinine sulfate
Use:
* Prevent malarial attacks
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Systemic lupus
Precautions:
* Increased risk of psoriasis
* Monitor for drug-induced retinopathy

A

Antimalarials

109
Q

What type of antimicrobial is this?

Medication: Metronidazole
Use:
* Trichomoniasis and giardiasis
* Clostridium difficile
* Amebic dysentery
* PID
* Vaginosis
Precautions:
* Take with food
* Do not consume alcohol during therapy or 48 hr after completion of regimen

A

Antiprotozoal

110
Q

What type of antimicrobial is this?

Medications:
* Isoniazid (INH)
* Rifampin
Use:
* Prevention and treatment of TB
* Latent TB INH: 6 to 9 months
* Active TB: multiple therapy up to 24 months
Precautions:
* Risk of neuropathies and hepatotoxicity
* Consume foods high in vitamin B6 Avoid foods with tyramine (INH)
* Increased risk of phenytoin toxicity (INH)
* Avoid alcohol
* Discoloration of urine, saliva, sweat, and tears (rifampin)

A

Antituberculars

111
Q

What type of antimicrobial is this?

Medications:
* Acyclovir
* Valacyclovir HCI
* Zidovudine
Use:
* Genital herpes
* Shingles
* HIV
Precautions:
* Acyclovir and valacyclovir: administer with food
* Increase fluid intake
* Begin therapy with first onset of symptoms

A

Antiretrovirals

112
Q

What type of antidepressant is this?

Meds:
* Citalopram
* Fluoxetine
* Paroxetine
* Sertraline
* Duloxetine
* Venlafaxine
Precautions:
* Avoid alcohol
* Do not discontinue abruptly
* Monitor for serotonin syndrome (agitation confusion, hallucinations) within first 72 hr
S/E:
* Weight gain
* Sexual dysfunction
* Fatigue
* Drowsiness

A

SSRI:
* Citalopram
* Fluoxetine
* Paroxetine
* Sertraline
&
SNRI
* Duloxetine
* Venlafaxine

113
Q

What type of antidepressant is this?

Medications:
* Amitriptyline
* Imipramine
Precautions:
* Do not administer with MAOIs or St. John’s wort
* Must avoid alcohol
* Contraindicated for clients with seizure disorder
S/E:
* Anticholinergic effects
* Orthostatic hypotension
* Cardiac dysrhythmias
* Decreased seizure threshold

A

Tricyclic

114
Q

What type of antidepressant is this?

Meds:
* Isocarboxazid
* Tranylcypromine
* Phenelzine
Precautions:
* Avoid foods containing tyramine
* Antihypertensives have additive hypotensive effect
* Contraindicated with SSRIs, tricyclics, heart failure, CVA, renal insufficiency
S/E:
* CNS stimulation
* Orthostatic hypotension
* Hypertensive crisis with intake of tyramine, SSRIs, and tricyclics

A

MAOI

115
Q

Nursing interventions & patient education for patients taking antidepressants

A
  • Assess client for suicide risk.
  • Instruct client to take on daily basis and never miss a dose
  • Instruct client about therapeutic effects and time of onset.
  • Instruct client to avoid discontinuing drug abruptly
  • Instruct client to take SSRIs in the morning to minimize sleep disturbances
  • Provide clients taking MAOIs a list of foods containing tyramine.
  • Advise clients to avoid taking other medications without consulting provider.
116
Q

What medication is this?

Action: Stimulates uterine contractions for the purpose of induction or augmentation of labor and prevents postpartum hemorrhage

A

oxytocin

117
Q

What medication is this?

Therapeutic Use:
* Antepartum for contraction stress test (CST)
* Intrapartum for induction or augmentation of labor
* Postpartum to promote uterine tone

A

Oxytocin

118
Q

What medication is this?

  • Action: Acts directly on the uterine muscle to stimulate forceful contractions
  • Therapeutic Use: Postpartum hemorrhage
A

Methylergonovine

119
Q

What type of medications are used to stop preterm labor?

A

Tocolytics

120
Q

All of the following are what type of medication?

  • Terbutaline sulfate
  • Nifedipine
  • Mag Sulfate
A

Tocolytics

121
Q

What medication is this?

S/E:
* Nervousness
* Tremulousness
* Headache
* Nausea and vomiting
* Hyperglycemia
* Severe palpitations
* Chest pain
* Pulmonary edema
N/I:
* Monitor contractions and FHT
* Monitor vital signs
* Do not administer if pulse rate greater than 130/min or client has chest pain
* Administer beta blocking agent as antidote

A

Terbutaline sulfate

122
Q

What medication is this?

S/E:
* Hypotension
* Headache
* Nausea
* Flushing
N/I:
* Monitor BP
* Avoid concurrent use with magnesium sulfate
* Monitor contractions and FHT
* Prevent complication with hypotension

A

Nifedipine

123
Q

What medication is this?

S/E:
* Warmth
* Diminished DTRs
* Flushing
* Decreased urine output
* Respiratory depression
* Pulmonary edema
N/I:
* Monitor vital signs and DTRs
* Monitor magnesium levels (therapeutic range 4 to 8 mg/dL)
* Administer via infusion pump in diluted form
* Use indwelling catheter to monitor urinary elimination
* Administer calcium gluconate 10% for signs of toxicity

A

Magnesium sulfate

124
Q

When does RhoGAM need be given?

A
  • 72 hrs after birth
  • At 28 wks gestation,
  • After any event where fetal cells can mix with maternal blood
125
Q

Why would RhoGAM need to be given?

A

Woman is Rh negative, newborn is Rh positive, and Coombs test is negative

126
Q

Examples of instances where RhoGAM needs to be given

A
  • Miscarriage
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Induced abortion
  • Amniocentesis
  • Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
  • Abdominal trauma
127
Q

Use: Treats and prevents benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Side/Adverse Effects:
* Headache
* Altered platelet function c. Interactions: Additive effect with anticoagulants
Nursing Considerations:
* Allow 4 to 6 weeks to see effects
* Discontinue use prior to surgery

A

Saw palmetto or Serenoa repens

128
Q

Use:
* Insomnia
* Migraines
* Menstrual cramps
S/E:
* Drowsiness
* Headache & nervousness with prolonged use
Interactions: Additive effect with barbiturates and benzodiazepines
N/I:
* Advise client against driving or operating machinery
* Advise client against long-term use.
* Discontinue valerian at least 1 week prior to surgery

A

Valerian root

129
Q

Use:
* Blocks LDL cholesterol and raises HDL cholesterol; lowers triglycerides
* Suppresses platelet aggregation and disrupts coagulation
* Acts as a vasodilator (can lower blood pressure)
Interactions:
* An increased risk of bleeding in clients taking NSAIDs, warfarin, and heparin
* Decreases levels of saquinavir (a medication for HIV treatment) and cyclosporine
N/I:
* Question clients about concurrent use of NSAIDs heparin, and warfarin
* Have clients who are taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, cyclosporine, or saquinavir contact their provider prior to taking garlic as a supplement.

A

Garlic

130
Q

Use:
* Relieves vertigo and nausea
* Increases intestinal motility
* Increases gastric mucus production
* Decreases GI spasms
* Produces an anti-inflammatory effect
* Suppresses platelet aggregation
* Used to treat morning sickness, motion sickness nausea from surgery.
* Can decrease pain and stiffness of rheumatoid arthritis
Interactions:
* Use cautiously in clients who are pregnant because high doses can cause uterine contractions
* Interacts with medications that interfere with coagulation (NSAIDs, warfarin, and heparin)
* Can increase hypoglycemic effects of diabetes
N/I:
* Question clients about concurrent use with NSAIDs, heparin, and warfarin.
* Monitor for hypoglycemia if the client takes insulin or other medication for diabetes.

A

Ginger Root

131
Q

Use:
* Improves cerebral circulation to treat dementia and memory loss
* Decreases pain with walking in clients who have PAD
S/E:
* Dizziness
* Stomach upset
* Vertigo
Interactions:
* May increase the effects of MAOIs, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet aggregates
* May reduce the effectiveness of insulin
N/I:
* Discontinue 2 weeks prior to surgery
* May cause seizures with overdose.
* Keep out of the reach of children.

A

Ginko biloba

132
Q

Uses:
* Relieves osteoarthritis
* Promotes joint health
S/E:
* Nausea
* Heartburn
Interactions:
* May increase resistance to antidiabetic agents and insulin
* May increase risk of bleeding.
* Use cautiously with clients on anticoagulants
N/I:
* Use glucosamine with caution in clients who have a shellfish allergy.
* Monitor glucose frequently in clients who have diabetes mellitus.
* Allow extended time to see the effects of glucosamine
* Used often in combination with chondroitin.

A

Glucosamine

2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose

NCLEX review (7 decks)

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