Fundamentals Flashcards

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1
Q

What position is this called?

  • Head of bed elevated to 30°
    Use:
  • Gastric feedings
  • Head injury
  • Postoperative cranial surgery
  • increased intracranial pressure
  • Respiratory illness
  • Postoperative cataract removal
A

Semi-fowlers

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2
Q

What position is this called?

  • Head of bed elevated to 45° to 60°
    Use:
  • Postoperative abdominal surgery
  • Respiratory illness or cardiac problems with dyspnea
  • Bleeding esophageal varices
  • Postoperative thyroidectomy
  • Cataract removal
A

Fowlers

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3
Q

What position is this called?

  • Head of bed elevated to 90°
  • Respiratory illness with dyspnea
  • Emphysema status asthmaticus
  • Pneumothorax
  • Cardiac problems with dyspnea
  • Feeding
  • Hiatal hernia
  • During and after meals
  • Insertion of nasogastric tub
A

High-fowlers

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4
Q

What position is this called?

  • Lying on back, head, and shoulders; slightly elevated with a small pillow
    Use: SCI (no pillow)
A

Supine

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5
Q

What position is this called?

  • Lying on abdomen, legs extended, and head turned to the side.
    Use:
  • Client who is immobilized or unconscious
  • Post lumbar puncture 6 to 12 hr
  • Post myelogram 12 to 24 hr (oil-based dye)
  • Postoperative tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
A

Prone

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6
Q

What position is this called?

  • Lying on side with most of the body weight borne by the lateral aspect of the lower ilium.
    Use:
  • Post abdominal surgery
  • Client who is unconscious,. seizures (head to side),
  • postoperative tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy,
  • postoperative pyloric stenosis of the lower scapula and the lateral (right side), post liver biopsy (right side), rectal irrigations.
A

Lateral

Side-lying

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7
Q

What position is this called?

  • Lying on left side with most of the body weight borne by the anterior aspect of the ilium humerus, and clavicle
  • Use: Client who is unconscious, enema administration
A

Sims’

Semi-prone

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8
Q

What position is this called?

  • Lying on the back with hips and knees flexed at right angles and feet in stirrups
  • Use: Perineal, rectal, and vaginal procedures
A

Lithotomy

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9
Q

What position is this called?

  • Head and body lowered while feet are elevated
    Use:
  • Some surgeries
  • During labor if umbilical cord pressure is trying to be relieved
A

Trendelenburg

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10
Q

What position is this called?

  • Supine with the legs elevated
  • Use: Shock
A

Modified Trendelenburg

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11
Q

What position is this called?

  • Head elevated while feet are lowered
    Use:
  • Cervical traction
  • To feed clients restricted to supine position
  • Such as post cardiac catheterization
A

Reverse Trendelenburg

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12
Q

What position is this called?

  • Elevate legs/feet or arms/hands by adjusting or supporting with pillows
  • Use:
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Application of cast
  • Edema
  • Postoperative surgical procedure on extremity
A

Elevate one or more extremities

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13
Q

What position is this called?

  • Supine with knees flexed
    Use:
  • Urinary catheterization of female
  • Abdominal assessment
  • Abdominal wound evisceration
A

Dorsal Recumbent

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14
Q

What position is this called?

  • Client sits in bed or at bedside with a pillow overbed table; rest their arms on the overbed table
  • Use: Allows for chest expansion
A

Orthopneic

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15
Q

Order of Applying PPE

A
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Goggles/face shield
  • Gloves

goes up the body, then to hands

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16
Q

Order of PPE removal

A
  • Gloves
  • Goggles/face shield
  • Gown
  • Mask

Removal is in alphabetical order

17
Q

Precautions for AIDS/HIV

A

Precautions: Standard
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Blood and body fluids, including breast milk
N/I: PPE if in contact with potentially contaminated materials; transmission in health care setting is rare with adherence to proper sterilization and disinfection guidelines

18
Q

Precautions for Chickenpox

Varicella

A

Precautions: Standard/airborne/contact
Duration of precautions: Until lesions crust over
Resivoir: Lesions, respiratory secretions
N/I: Persons who are pregnant or have not had chickenpox or the vaccine should not care for the client.

19
Q

Precautions for C. Diff

A

Precautions: Standard/contact (enteric precautions)
Duration of precautions: Duration of illnes
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Staff and visitors must don PPE upon entry to the room. Private room preferred. May cohort; must provide a dedicated toilet for each client. Maintain precautions for duration of diarrhea

20
Q

Precations for Hep A

A

Precautions: Standard/contact if client has fecal incontinence
Duration of precautions: Until 7 days after onset of jaundice
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Contact precautions used, particularly for clients wearing diapers or who are incontinent; can be spread up to 2 weeks before symptomatic

21
Q

Precautions for Hep B

A

Precautions: Standard
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Blood and body fluids infected with hepatitis B virus
N/I: Contact precautions for blood and body fluids follow disinfection and sterilization guidelines for reusable equipment.

22
Q

Precautions for Hep C

A

Precautions: Standard -additional precautions specific to hemodialysis unit
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Blood and body fluids infected with hepatitis C virus
N/I: Contact precautions for blood and body fluids; follow disinfection and sterilization guidelines for reusable equipment.

23
Q

Precautions for Herpes Simplex

A

Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions: Until lesions crust over
Resivoir: Fluid from lesions
N/I: Horizontal transmission from contact with skin and secretions; vertical transmission from mother to child in utero or childbirth,

24
Q

Precautions for Herpes zoster (Shingles)

A

Precautions: Standard/airborne/contact
Duration of precautions: uration of illness or with visible lesions
Resivoir: Lesions
N/I: Persons who have not had chickenpox or the vaccine should not provide care.

25
Q

Precautions for Measles

Rubeola Virus

A

Precautions: Standard/airborne
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Virus can live on infected surfaces for up to 2 hr. Contagious from 4 days before to 4 days after the rash appears; nonimmune individuals must be excluded from areas of outbreak (e.g., school, hospital, childcare) until 21 days after onset of rash in diagnosed case of measles, unless they receive post-exposure prophylaxis

26
Q

Precautions for Meningococcal disease

A

Precautions: Standard/droplet
Duration of precautions: Until 24 hr therapy; continuous
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Post-exposure prophylaxis is recommended to control outbreaks.

27
Q

Precautions for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Body fluids and sites contaminated with MRSA
N/I: Spread by direct contact with wound; can lead to complicated infections, sepsis, and pneumonia

28
Q

Precautions for Pneumonia

A

Precautions: Standard/droplet
Duration of precautions: Until culture is negative
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Consider organism-specific precautions as indicated; Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive disease must be reported to CDC

29
Q

Precautions for RSV

A

Precautions: Standard/contact/droplet
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Contact/droplet precautions; palivizumab for high risk infants; follow established guidelines for administration of ribavirin.

30
Q

Precautions for Rotovirus

A

Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions:Duration of illness
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Rotavirus vaccine effective in preventing severe disease in infants and young children; continue enteric precautions for 3 days after illness subsides

31
Q

Rubella

A

Precautions: Standard/droplet
Duration of precautions:7 days after onset of rash
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Nonimmune pregnant women should not care for these clients

32
Q

Precautions for Salmonellosis

A

Precautions: Standard/contact precautions
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Increased risk of contamination while caring for children who are wearing diapers or incontinent.

33
Q

Precautions for Shigellosis

Dysentery

A

Precautions: Standard/contact precautions
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Contact precautions used, particularly for children who are wearing diapers or incontinent.

34
Q

Precautions for Staphylococcus aureus

A

Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions:Duration of illness
Resivoir: Body fluids and sites contaminated with MRSA
N/I: High-risk clients: immunocompromised, chronic disease, recent surgery, IV or indwelling catheter; risk for antibiotic resistance

35
Q

Precautions for TB

A

Precautions: Standard/airborne precautions
Duration of precautions: Until three sputum smears are negative on consecutive days or TB is ruled out
Resivoir: Airborne respiratory droplet nuclei
N/I: N95 mask; client wears surgical mask when transported outside of negative-airflow room.

36
Q

Precautions for VRE

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

A

Precautions: Standard/contact precautions
Duration of precautIons: Until three negative cultures from infectious site (1 week apart)
Resivoir: Intestines, female genital tract, and environment
N/I: Most infections occur in hospital; can be spread by touching surfaces, such as equipment that contains VRE.