Fundamentals Flashcards
What position is this called?
- Head of bed elevated to 30°
Use: - Gastric feedings
- Head injury
- Postoperative cranial surgery
- increased intracranial pressure
- Respiratory illness
- Postoperative cataract removal
Semi-fowlers
What position is this called?
- Head of bed elevated to 45° to 60°
Use: - Postoperative abdominal surgery
- Respiratory illness or cardiac problems with dyspnea
- Bleeding esophageal varices
- Postoperative thyroidectomy
- Cataract removal
Fowlers
What position is this called?
- Head of bed elevated to 90°
- Respiratory illness with dyspnea
- Emphysema status asthmaticus
- Pneumothorax
- Cardiac problems with dyspnea
- Feeding
- Hiatal hernia
- During and after meals
- Insertion of nasogastric tub
High-fowlers
What position is this called?
- Lying on back, head, and shoulders; slightly elevated with a small pillow
Use: SCI (no pillow)
Supine
What position is this called?
- Lying on abdomen, legs extended, and head turned to the side.
Use: - Client who is immobilized or unconscious
- Post lumbar puncture 6 to 12 hr
- Post myelogram 12 to 24 hr (oil-based dye)
- Postoperative tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Prone
What position is this called?
- Lying on side with most of the body weight borne by the lateral aspect of the lower ilium.
Use: - Post abdominal surgery
- Client who is unconscious,. seizures (head to side),
- postoperative tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy,
- postoperative pyloric stenosis of the lower scapula and the lateral (right side), post liver biopsy (right side), rectal irrigations.
Lateral
Side-lying
What position is this called?
- Lying on left side with most of the body weight borne by the anterior aspect of the ilium humerus, and clavicle
- Use: Client who is unconscious, enema administration
Sims’
Semi-prone
What position is this called?
- Lying on the back with hips and knees flexed at right angles and feet in stirrups
- Use: Perineal, rectal, and vaginal procedures
Lithotomy
What position is this called?
- Head and body lowered while feet are elevated
Use: - Some surgeries
- During labor if umbilical cord pressure is trying to be relieved
Trendelenburg
What position is this called?
- Supine with the legs elevated
- Use: Shock
Modified Trendelenburg
What position is this called?
- Head elevated while feet are lowered
Use: - Cervical traction
- To feed clients restricted to supine position
- Such as post cardiac catheterization
Reverse Trendelenburg
What position is this called?
- Elevate legs/feet or arms/hands by adjusting or supporting with pillows
- Use:
- Thrombophlebitis
- Application of cast
- Edema
- Postoperative surgical procedure on extremity
Elevate one or more extremities
What position is this called?
- Supine with knees flexed
Use: - Urinary catheterization of female
- Abdominal assessment
- Abdominal wound evisceration
Dorsal Recumbent
What position is this called?
- Client sits in bed or at bedside with a pillow overbed table; rest their arms on the overbed table
- Use: Allows for chest expansion
Orthopneic
Order of Applying PPE
- Gown
- Mask
- Goggles/face shield
- Gloves
goes up the body, then to hands
Order of PPE removal
- Gloves
- Goggles/face shield
- Gown
- Mask
Removal is in alphabetical order
Precautions for AIDS/HIV
Precautions: Standard
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Blood and body fluids, including breast milk
N/I: PPE if in contact with potentially contaminated materials; transmission in health care setting is rare with adherence to proper sterilization and disinfection guidelines
Precautions for Chickenpox
Varicella
Precautions: Standard/airborne/contact
Duration of precautions: Until lesions crust over
Resivoir: Lesions, respiratory secretions
N/I: Persons who are pregnant or have not had chickenpox or the vaccine should not care for the client.
Precautions for C. Diff
Precautions: Standard/contact (enteric precautions)
Duration of precautions: Duration of illnes
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Staff and visitors must don PPE upon entry to the room. Private room preferred. May cohort; must provide a dedicated toilet for each client. Maintain precautions for duration of diarrhea
Precations for Hep A
Precautions: Standard/contact if client has fecal incontinence
Duration of precautions: Until 7 days after onset of jaundice
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Contact precautions used, particularly for clients wearing diapers or who are incontinent; can be spread up to 2 weeks before symptomatic
Precautions for Hep B
Precautions: Standard
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Blood and body fluids infected with hepatitis B virus
N/I: Contact precautions for blood and body fluids follow disinfection and sterilization guidelines for reusable equipment.
Precautions for Hep C
Precautions: Standard -additional precautions specific to hemodialysis unit
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Blood and body fluids infected with hepatitis C virus
N/I: Contact precautions for blood and body fluids; follow disinfection and sterilization guidelines for reusable equipment.
Precautions for Herpes Simplex
Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions: Until lesions crust over
Resivoir: Fluid from lesions
N/I: Horizontal transmission from contact with skin and secretions; vertical transmission from mother to child in utero or childbirth,
Precautions for Herpes zoster (Shingles)
Precautions: Standard/airborne/contact
Duration of precautions: uration of illness or with visible lesions
Resivoir: Lesions
N/I: Persons who have not had chickenpox or the vaccine should not provide care.
Precautions for Measles
Rubeola Virus
Precautions: Standard/airborne
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Virus can live on infected surfaces for up to 2 hr. Contagious from 4 days before to 4 days after the rash appears; nonimmune individuals must be excluded from areas of outbreak (e.g., school, hospital, childcare) until 21 days after onset of rash in diagnosed case of measles, unless they receive post-exposure prophylaxis
Precautions for Meningococcal disease
Precautions: Standard/droplet
Duration of precautions: Until 24 hr therapy; continuous
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Post-exposure prophylaxis is recommended to control outbreaks.
Precautions for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Body fluids and sites contaminated with MRSA
N/I: Spread by direct contact with wound; can lead to complicated infections, sepsis, and pneumonia
Precautions for Pneumonia
Precautions: Standard/droplet
Duration of precautions: Until culture is negative
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Consider organism-specific precautions as indicated; Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive disease must be reported to CDC
Precautions for RSV
Precautions: Standard/contact/droplet
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Contact/droplet precautions; palivizumab for high risk infants; follow established guidelines for administration of ribavirin.
Precautions for Rotovirus
Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions:Duration of illness
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Rotavirus vaccine effective in preventing severe disease in infants and young children; continue enteric precautions for 3 days after illness subsides
Rubella
Precautions: Standard/droplet
Duration of precautions:7 days after onset of rash
Resivoir: Respiratory secretions
N/I: Nonimmune pregnant women should not care for these clients
Precautions for Salmonellosis
Precautions: Standard/contact precautions
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Increased risk of contamination while caring for children who are wearing diapers or incontinent.
Precautions for Shigellosis
Dysentery
Precautions: Standard/contact precautions
Duration of precautions: Duration of illness
Resivoir: Feces
N/I: Contact precautions used, particularly for children who are wearing diapers or incontinent.
Precautions for Staphylococcus aureus
Precautions: Standard/contact
Duration of precautions:Duration of illness
Resivoir: Body fluids and sites contaminated with MRSA
N/I: High-risk clients: immunocompromised, chronic disease, recent surgery, IV or indwelling catheter; risk for antibiotic resistance
Precautions for TB
Precautions: Standard/airborne precautions
Duration of precautions: Until three sputum smears are negative on consecutive days or TB is ruled out
Resivoir: Airborne respiratory droplet nuclei
N/I: N95 mask; client wears surgical mask when transported outside of negative-airflow room.
Precautions for VRE
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Precautions: Standard/contact precautions
Duration of precautIons: Until three negative cultures from infectious site (1 week apart)
Resivoir: Intestines, female genital tract, and environment
N/I: Most infections occur in hospital; can be spread by touching surfaces, such as equipment that contains VRE.
