Pharm Flashcards
Side effects of hydroxychloroquine
Blindness/retinopathy
SE of Gold
Nephropathy
SE of ertanacept
demyelination
SE of methotrexate
Pneumonitis
Myleosupression
liver cirrhosis
SE of sulfasalazine
Rashes
Oligospermia
Heinz body anaemia
Interstitial lung disease
SE of Penicillanmine
Proteinuria
Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis
SE of pred
Cushingoid features
Osteoporosis
Impaired glucose tolerance
Hypertension
Cataracts
NSAID associated with CV disease
Diclofenac
Codeine in breastfeeding
Warning as wuick meabolisers can convert to morphine and this can be transferred to the baby
Less risk with dihydrocodeine as not a prodrug
Montelukast SE
Vivid/bad dreams
Physiatric deterioration
Diarrhoea is common
Fevers, headaches & nausea
SSRI with the longest half life & how long?
Fluoexetine
Half life of 6 weeks (most other SSRIs are 1-2 weeeks)
What antibiotic should not be prescribed concurrently with simvastatin/statins and why?
Clarythromycin
Macrolide Abx which is a CYP450 inhibitor and increases simvastatin plasma levels
Name two cardioselective b blockers
bisoprolol & carvedilol
What statin reacts with amiodarone
Simavastatin
Other statins like rosuvastatin have less interaction.
Simavastatin should not be prescribed at doses >20mg with concurrent amiodarone
SE of methylphenidate in children
Falling height centiles, tachycardia, HTN, decreased appetite and alopecia
SE of doxy
Photosenstivity
Oseophagitis
Antibiotic associated with increased risk of cardiac events
Clarithromycin
B blocker SEs
Fatigue
raynaud’s
Worsening of asthma & psorasis
Rebound mycardial ischaemia with sudden stopping (usually weaned down)
Sodium cromoglycate SE
mast cell stabiliser used in excercise induced asthma
SEs: cough, throat irritation and headahces. rarely accumulation of eosinophils and eosinophilic pneumonia
Treatment of what conditions can cause jarish-herxheimer reaction
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Treatedment with benpenicillin
Macrolide ABx SE
Sensoneurral hearing loss
Lithium poisioning features
fine tremor
HYPER natraemia
SEs of penicillins
Thrombocytopenia
SEs of Leflunomide
HTN
Diarrhoea
Hepatitis
Drugs that cause drug induced lupus
Hydralazine
Chlorpromazine
Methyldopa
isonidazid
d-penicillamine
Minocycline
“I Hate Multiple Meds Causing Queer Problems’ = Isoniazid, hydralazine, methyldopa, minocycline, chlorpromazine, quinine, procainamide
oxybutanin in incontienenace MOA, indication and SEs
for OVERACTIVE bladded (o)
Relaxes bladder smooth muscle
Antimuscarinic
SEs antichoinergic SEs inc: cant see, cant pee, cant spit, cant shit
SEs of cipro
Tendonitis
Lowers seizure threshold
Atypical antiphsychotics in the elderly increase the risk of what
VTE/Stroke
Block D2 -> increase prolactin/weight gain and increase risk of VTE
Prophylaxis for contacts of meningococcal meningitis
Cipro or Rifampacin
What is used first line in maintaining Crohn’s remission
Azathioprine (TPMT levels need to be taken prior to starting)
Long term use of PPIs increases risk of what
fractures
3 drugs in H pylori eradication
Full dose PPI
Amox
Clari
Ezetimibe MoA
inhibitor of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine (stops NPCL1)
PPIs moa
inhitib h/k ATPase proton pump
Metochlopramide MoA
Dopamine antagonist
Gingival hypertrophy drug that is NOT phenytoin
NIfedipine
Grey/blue discolouration of skin (SE)
Amiodarone
Doxasosin MoA
A1 adrenoceptor blocker (peripherally)
What might you see on an FBC with Ibuprofen use
Thrombocytopenia
Immune mediated drug induced thrombocytopenia
Drug that causes peripheral neuropathy
Simvastatin
SSRI with shortest half life
Venlaflaxine (<12 hrs, therefore discontinuation Sx more common)
(and paroxetine)
AED commonly causes agranulocytosis
Carbemazepine
SSRI which is most likley to increase QTc
Citalopram
What contraceptive is contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers <6 weeks
COCP - interferes with milk production
contraception associated with liver pathology inc cholestasis and HCC
COCP
Tetanus and polio contra indicated in what allergy?
Neomycin allergy
Yellow fever vaccine contraindicated in which allergy
Egg allergy
Finasteride MoA
5 alpha reductase inhibitor
Reduces testoterone production (stops testosterone to dihydrotestosterone)
SEs: infertility, sexual dysfunction & abnormal breast growth
Tamsulosin MoA
a receptor blocker
Can alsp cause reactive hypotension
PD med with high risk of hallucinations
Dopamine agonists such as ropinerole
Pharmacological treatment option for Raynauds
Nifidipine
Duloxetine for stress incontinence MoA
SNRI
Increases the activity of the nerve that stimulates the urethral sphincter, improving its function
Urge incontinence med and MoA
Oxybutanin
Antimuscairinic
Oxybutynin works through competitive acetylcholine antagonism at postganglionic muscarinic receptors, leading to the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bladder.
Acute dystonic reaction - drug to prevent
Procyclidine
it belongs to a class of medication called anticholinergics that work by blocking acetylcholine. This helps decrease muscle stiffness, sweating, and the production of saliva
SPider naevi associated with which dug?
COCP
SSRI that is used to treat depression following MI/ACS
Fluoxetine
Fibrotic reactions as a SE of which PD drugs
Bromocroptime/Cabergoline - i.e. dopamine agonists
Drug that can trigger psoariasis flare
Lithium
Contra indication of use of triptan in migraines
ischaemic heart disease
Chlorampenicol severe SE
Bone marrow suppression/aplastic anaemia
Treatment options for tonic-clonic seizures
males: sodium valproate
females: lamotrigine or levetiracetam
girls aged under 10 years and who are unlikely to need treatment when they are old enough to have children or women who are unable to have children may be offered sodium valproate first-line
Treatment options for focal seizures
first line: lamotrigine or levetiracetam
second line: carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine or zonisamide
Treatment options for absence seizures
first line: ethosuximide
second line:
male: sodium valproate
female: lamotrigine or levetiracetam
carbamazepine may exacerbate absence seizures
Treatment options for myclonic seizures
males: sodium valproate
females: levetiracetam
Treatment options for tonic or atonic seizures
males: sodium valproate
females: lamotrigine
Secondary prophylaxis in ischaemic stroke
1st line: lifelong clopi
2nd line - if clopi CI: lifelong aspiring + dihydropyridamole
Drug associated with Dupetrens contracture
Phenytoin
COCP skin SE
Spider naevi (fill from centre once blanched)
Related to excess oestrogen
Sulphonylurea SEs
Common adverse effects
1. hypoglycaemic episodes (more common with long-acting preparations such as chlorpropamide)
2. weight gain
Rarer adverse effects
- hyponatraemia secondary to syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
- bone marrow suppression
- hepatotoxicity (typically cholestatic)
- peripheral neuropathy
Sulfonylureas should be avoided in breastfeeding and pregnancy.
Latanoprost eye drops SE
Brown pigmentation of iris
methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning (antifreeze) antidote
Fomepizole
Pyrazinamide SE
arthralgia, hyperuricaemia, rashes, hepatitis (rare)
Infliximab SE
Worsening of HF and associated issues
To be used with caution in those with existing heart failure
Fluoxetine interation with which Ca treatment?
Tamoxifen
fluoextine & paroextine inhibit the CPY enzyme that converts tamoxifen into its more potent/active form
B blocker complication in diabetics & non idabetics
hypoglycaemia
Benzo used when weaning off benzos
diazepam
long half life, minimises sx of withdrawal
Meds that worsen psoriasis
bblocker
lithium
ACE i
NSAIDS
hydroxchloroquine
Euglycaemic DKA drug
SGLT2 inhibitors
Pioglitazone SEs
fluid retention & bladder CA
antiemetic in pregnancy associsted with heart defects and cleft palate
ondansetron
SEs dont mean not to give it- to be balanced with risk
