Medicine - Random Flashcards
1
Q
Osler weber Rendau syndrome
A
Heredirary hemorrghagic telagentasia
- epistaxis/bleeds
- visercal AVMs
- Telangectasia
- First degree relative with condition
2
Q
HOCM inheritance pattern
A
Autosomal dominent
3
Q
Organism that causes pneumonia following an influenxa infection
A
Staph aureas
4
Q
Donovanosis
A
Donovanosis, also known as granuloma inguinale, is a bacterial infection of the genital region caused by Klebsiella granulomatis. It is chronic and progressive and causes genital ulcers.
5
Q
Genital ulcer with ragged edges
A
Chancroid
PAINFUL
tropical disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
(also associated with painful unilateral lymhadenopathy)
6
Q
Painless genital ulcer with smooth edges and base that spontaneously resolves
A
Chancre (syphilis)
7
Q
Lymphogranuloma venereum stages
A
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Typically infection comprises of three stages
stage 1: small painless pustule which later forms an ulcer
stage 2: painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
stage 3: proctocolitis
8
Q
What cancers is dermatomyositis associated with?
A
Lung and breast
9
Q
What antibiodies is Srojens associated with
A
Anti Ro/La
10
Q
Antibodies associated with CREST/systemic sclerorsis
A
Anti-centromere
Also diffuse systemic scelosis: Anti SCl 70
11
Q
What is classed as a mild flare of UC?
A
Up to 4 loose stools /day
Nil systemic upset
Small amount of blood
12
Q
What is classed as a moderate flare of UC
A
4-6 motions /da
Variable amount of blood
nil systemic upset
13
Q
What is classed as a severe flare of UC
A
> 6 bloody motions per day
Systemuc upset
14
Q
Treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis: proctitis
A
topical (rectal) aminosalicylate: for distal colitis rectal mesalazine has been shown to be superior to rectal steroids and oral aminosalicylates
if remission is not achieved within 4 weeks, add an oral aminosalicylate
if remission still not achieved add topical or oral corticosteroid
15
Q
Treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis proctosigmoiditis and left-sided ulcerative colitis
A
topical (rectal) aminosalicylate
if remission is not achieved within 4 weeks, add a high-dose oral aminosalicylate OR switch to a high-dose oral aminosalicylate and a topical corticosteroid
if remission still not achieved stop topical treatments and offer an oral aminosalicylate and an oral corticosteroid
16
Q
Treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. extensive disease
A
topical (rectal) aminosalicylate and a high-dose oral aminosalicylate:
if remission is not achieved within 4 weeks, stop topical treatments and offer a high-dose oral aminosalicylate and an oral corticosteroid
17
Q
What DMARD is not recommended for UC treatment but is second line for maintaining remission in Crohns
A
Methotrexate
18
Q
When would you give ABx prophylaxis for SBP?
A
Ascites and (<15g of protein)
Would have ciproflox as prophylaxis
19
Q
Treatment for severe campylobacter infection
A
Clarithromycin
20
Q
Heamochromatosis inheritance pattern
A
Autosomal recessive
21
Q
What maliganacies is EBV infection liked to
A
Hodgkins lymphoma
Burkitts lymphoma
Nasopharygneal CA
22
Q
BBPV - which maneouvre is diagnostic and which is treatment?
A
Dix - Hallpike - DIAGNOSTIC
Eply - TREATMENT
‘dix to diagnose, epley to end’
23
Q
Liver failure clotting factors
A
In liver failure, all clotting factors are low except for factor VIII which is supra-normal. Both PT and APTT can be prolonged.
24
Q
Caplans syndrome
A
Pulmonary fibrosis seen in RA and coal/asbestos exposure that forms nodules on CXR that can cavitate
25
Drug induced lupus antibody
Anti-histone
26
Dermatomyositis antibody
Anti-Mi2
27
Scleroderma/CREST syndrom antibody
Anti-centromerre
28
Scleroderma antibody
Anti-topoisomerase 1
29
Max age for BCG vaccination
35years
30
Serum test for anaphylaxis
Serum tryptase (can remain high for up to 12 hours)
30
De mussets signs
Aortic regurgitiation - head bobbing in time with pulse
31
Early diastotlic murmur
Aortic regurgitation
32
Collapsing pulse
Aortic reguritation
33
Scan for renal artery stenosis
Digital subtraction angiography
34
Pataltial petichae associated with what disease?
Glandular fever
35
Travellers diarrhoea microorganism and ABx treatment
E coli
Clarithromycin
36
Salmonella gastroenteritis ABx treatmnet
Ciprofloxacin
37
Hiccups in palliative care meds
chlorpromazine or haloperidol
38
Which PPI reduces the effect of clopidogrel?
Omeprazole (inhibits CYP2C19)
Lansoprazole or pantoprazole is fine
39
Amyloidosis diagnosis
CT scan and Biopsy and Congo red staining of affected tissue (will also be red-green birifringence under polarised lihgt)
40
Crypt abscesses found more commonly in which IBD
UC
41
Duodenal ulcer pain releived by what
Eating
Pain often after eating and releived with eating
42
Gastric ulcer pain classically
after meals
43
Triceps reflex nerve roots
C7-C8
44
Ankle reflex nerve roots
S1-S2
45
Organophosphate poisoning treatment
e.g sarine gas
Treatment is atropine
Features can be predicted by the accumulation of acetylcholine (mnemonic = SLUD)
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation/diarrhoea
46
Fasting glucose level needed for diagnosis of diabetes
>7.0
If symptomatic - one off is enough for diagnosis
If asymptomatic - two readings needed
47
Impaired fasting glucose level
6.1 -7.0
48
Which herpes virus is oral lesions
Oral lesion - HSV 1 (1 mouth)
Gential lesion - HSV2 (2 balls)
49
Group A strep/strep pyogenes Ix
Anti-streptolysin O tire
To check for strep throat
50
First line anti spasmodics in MS
Baclofen & gabapentin
51
Tests to diagnose Cushing
Overnight dexamethasone suppression test or 24hr urinary cortisol for first diagnosis
Then to determine cause (ie primary or secondary) high dose dexamethsaone suppresion/MRI pituitary/CRH test
52
HLA b5/51
Behcets
53
microscopic polyangitis antibody
p-ANCA
(kidneys and pulm heamorraghe)
54
Granulomatosis with polangitis antibody
c-ANCA
(upper, lower resp trract and kidneys)
55
R-CHOP regimen for what
Non-hodkins lymphoma
rituximab
Cylophophamide
Hydroxydanurubicine
Vincristine
Prednisolone
56
Treatment for CML
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors - imatinib
Curative: stem cell transplant
57
Treatment of CLL
Chloambucil
or Vincristine + cylcophosphomide
58
Complications of thallaesaemia
- osteporisis/bone beformities
- defunctioning of pituitaryr (senstive to iron and therefore needs chelating agent)
- cardiac complications/HF (high OP)
0 iron overload effecting paceatic function
59
helmet cells aka
shistiocytes
irregular shapes appear as "helmet" cells. Such fragmented RBC's are known as "schistocytes" and they are indicative of a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) or other cause for intravascular hemolysis.
60
Fluid signal in MRI
hypointense in T1 and hyperintense in T2
61
gallop rhythm
left ventricular heart failure
62
systolic murmur radiating to axilla
mitral regurg
63
pulsatile hepatomegaly murmur
tricuspid incompetence
systolic murrmur
64
raised JVP with prominent a waves asscociated with murmu
tricuspid stenosis
65
Prizmental angina
usually occurs at night
angina because of coronary spasm
66
Aortic stenosis in children managment
Ballon angioplasty (if fails usrgical valve replacement)
67
rheumatic fever valve issue
mitral regurgitation
68
Histoplasmosis vectorr
Bats
69
common lung CA in non smokers
adenocarcinoma
70
Po2 for COPD patient for considerration of LTOT
pO2 < 7. 3
71
Featuers of asthmatic/steroid responsiveness for COPD
any previous, secure diagnosis of asthma or of atopy
a higher blood eosinophil count - note that NICE recommend a full blood count for all patients as part of the work-up
substantial variation in FEV1 over time (at least 400 ml)
substantial diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow (at least 20%)
routine spirometric reversibility testing is not necessary as part of the diagnostic process or to plan initial therapy with bronchodilators or corticosteroids.
72
paraquat poisoning treatment
activated charcol
73
B blocker OD
- atropine or 2nd line IV glucagon
74
lemon tinge skin and anaemia
b12 and folate def anaemia
75
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) Syndrome
RSD is an older term used to describe one form of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Both RSD and CRPS are chronic conditions characterized by severe burning pain, most often affecting one of the extremities (arms, legs, hands, or feet)
76
sister mary joseph nodule
Sister Mary Joseph nodule (sometimes Sister Mary Joseph node or Sister Mary Joseph sign) refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen.
77
Kukenbug tumour
Krukenburg tumor is a metastatic malignancy of the ovary characterized by mucin-rich signet-ring adenocarcinoma that primarily arises from a gastrointestinal site in most cases
78
pulses paradoxus causes
cardiac tamponade and severe asthma
79
pulse associated with aortic regurg
collapsing/waterhammer pulse
80
Drug induced lupus HLA
HLA -D2
Anti histone
81
Parotid tumour histopolgy
Pleomorphic adenoma
82
Most aggressive thyroid Ca
Anaplastic cacinoma
83
Mccun albright syndrom
precocious puberty
bone issues
unilateral cafe au lait spots
84
which laxative do you NOT use in IBS
laculose
85
Glan inflammation and granulomas on historology from a scope indicate what
UC
Chrons is gronulomata and non gland inflammation
86
herceptin name
trastuzumab
87
endometrial CA after treatment for breast CA
Tamoxifen
88
Membranous nephropathy is associated with what
adenocarcinoma of the stomach
89
Features of OA on XR
L - loss of joint space
O- Osteophytes
S - Sunchorndal cysts
S - Subchrondral sclerorsis
90
Features of RA on XR
L - loss of joint space
E - erosions
S - Subluxation
S - Soft tissue swelling
91
pencil in cup deformity on XR associated with?
Psoaritic arthritis
92
Wolff Parkinson Whit ECG findings
Delta wave
SHORT PR INTERVAL
93
QT in hypocalcaemia
prolonged
94
methanol poision sx
blindness
95
Autoimmune hepatitis Ab
Anti smooth muscle antibodies
96
MEN 2
RET oncogene
Medullary thyroid CA and pheocytochroma
97
MEN 1
MEN1 onco gene
parathyroid ca
pituitary ca
98
hyperactive/tinkling bowel sounds
small nowel obstruction
99
influenza virus
orthomyxovirus
100
viral warts virus
papovirus
HPV 6
101
when to treat subclinical hypothryoidism
do not usually treat (just monitor) on the basis of one blood test
Can treat is
- other autoimmune disease
- prev graves
- TSH >10
- positive antibodies
102
India ink +ve in HIV
crytpococcus
103
most common type of renal stone
calcium oxalate
104
viral and bacterial pathogens of acute otitis media
virral - rsv
bacterial - strep pneumonia, hem influenzae & moxarrlla cathheralis
105
malignant otitis externa organisma
psueodomonas arguinosa
106
Cortisol/steroid effect on potassium
HYPOkalaemia
107
Antihypertensive drugs that worsen glycaemic control
B blocker & THIAZIDE diuretics
108
first line for heavy menstrual bleeding
ONCE PATHOLOGY HAS BEEN RULED OUT
1st: IUS
2nd pharmacological such as NSAIDs/tranexamic
109
Adenosine SE
flushing, bronchospasm, chest pain
110
Live vaccines
BCG
MMR
Polio
Rotavirus
flu
travel:
yellow fever
thypoid
111
What does the posterior pituitary secrete
oxytocin & ADH
112
What does the anterior pituitarysecrete
LH, FSH, GH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin
113
Sore throat ABx
phenoxymethylpenicillin
114
Cat scratch disease
bacterial ifection (bartonella) effecting LN that drain the site of incolulation can cause chronic lymphadenopathy
115
when is a raised trop maximally accurate
12 hours
116
nictotine replacement therapy
bupoprion or varenclecine
117
Laxative in pall care
Stimulants such as co-danthramer/metochlopramide
co-danthramer can stain urine red
118
Erysipilus organism
Strep pyognes
119
Frontal balding, cataracts, musel weakness
myotonic dystrophy
120
causes of gingival hypertrophy
ciclosporin, pheytoin and CCBs
121
Steroids in order of strength
mild- hydrocort
moderatate - betnovate dilute & eumovate
potent - betnovate higher strength
Highly potent - dermovate
122
Rubella, measles, scarlet fever, chicken pox, mumps exclusion from school
rubella - 6 d from onset of rash
Measles- 5 d from onset rash
scarrlet fever - 24hrs after Abx (penicillin)
Chicken pox - 5d from rash
mumps - 5 d from swollen glands
Others inc foot and mouth - nil exclusion if child well
123
Rockerbottam feet - genetic disorrde
edwards chromosome 18
124
Difference between neurological manifestations of wernickes, hepatic encephalopathy & wilsons
wernickes - cerebellat signs : nystagmus, ataxia, cofusion, opthamoplegia
HE - personality changes, reduced levles of conciousness and intellectual impairment
wilsons - behavioural changes, depression and asymmetrical tremor
125
Estimate weight of child formula
(age + 4) x2
126
up to what age do you do chest compressions in a ratio of 15:2
12 years
127
emeregency fluid bolus calculation in children
10ml/kg
128
What Ix for devopmental dysplasia of hip for Ix with US and XR
<6 months - ultrasound
>6 months - XR
129
pomphylox
puritic vesicles on palms fingers and soles
130
DIscoid xcema
- coin shaped
- start as itchy vesicles/papules
- ooze serum & crust over
- on extensor serfaces of extremities and buttocks
- Appear heal and reappear at the same sites
131
what lipid lowering therapy can be used in pregnancy ?
NONE!!!
sometimes resins/nile sequestrants can be considered
132
what abx can be used topically for rosacea
metronidazole
133
what malignancies other than mesoothelioma can asbestos cause
lung carcinoma
gastrointestinal lymphoma renal adenocarcinoma
134
antigliadin Ab
ceoliac disease
along side anti TTG & anti endomysial
135
variation in size of breast lump with periods
breast cyst
136
which staph organism is associated with UTIs in young fit and health women
Staph saprophyticus
137
PKU features
Usually present within first yeat
behavioral difficulties
mousy/musty aroma
lighter colouring - fairer with blue eyes compaired to others in fam
learning disability
138
Maple syrup urine disease
encephalopathy and progressiveneurodegeneration usually withing fist weeks of life
sweet odour of maple syrup in sweat and urine
139
homocysteinuia
marfaniod features
CNS< MSK and CVS effected
140
normal anion gap and calculation
12-17
(Na + K) - (HCO3 - CL)
141
When would you not give anti D to someone who was rhesus -ve and had or was threatened miscarriage
if the miscarrage was <12 weeks
142
MCR breathlessness vs modified MCR breathlessness (GOLD)
143
H pylori associated with what cadiac issue
coronaritis - inflammatorion of coronary artereies
144
Cyst with punctum
sebaceous cyst
145
what CA is asbestosis most likley to cause
Lung CA
!!! not mesothelioma !!!
146
what is the commonest cause of failure to thrive in teh UK
Non-organic causess - e.g. social etc
147
when is the UK breast screening programme
3 yearly mammogams 50-70
148
Where would a cystic hygroma be?
Posterior triangle of the neck
149
MRC grades of muscle power
0 - nil
1 - flickers of muscle contraction
2 - active movement - some
3 - movement against gravity
4 - movement against resistance
5 - normal
150
What is used to classify CKD
eGFR (using MDRD equation) and ACR
151
most common cause of post coital bleeding
cervical ectropion
152
paraneoplastic sydromes related to small cell lung ca and squamous cell lung ca
small cell
- SIADH
- ATCH secretion & cushiod reaction
- lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome
squamous cell
- PTHrP secretion and hypercalcaemia
153
What common drug reacts with azathioprine to cause myelosuppression
ACE i & azathioprine = myelosuppression
anaemia and severe leukopenia
154
E coli is what on gram stain
Gram negative
155
Stage 1,2,3 HTN values
Stage 1: Clinic BP >140/90 or ABPM >135/85
Stage 2: Clinic BP >160/100 or ABPM >150/95
Stage 3: Clinic BP >180 systolic or over 120 diastolic
156
Listeria antibiotics
amoxicillin and gentamycin
The treatment of choice for bacterial meningitis caused by LM remains amoxicillin, ampicillin or penicillin G,
157
Toxoplasmosis organism and treatment
protozan
Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues
can be given spriamycin in pregnancy or babies pyrimethamine & sulfaiazine)
158
dapsone uses
Dapsone is used to treat leprosy (Hansen's disease) and to help control dermatitis herpetiformis, a skin problem
sulpha ABx
159
Pyrazinamide SE
gout/joint issues
160
Discribe what the notation 6/6 and 12/6 means in Snellen charts
12/6 - someone can read at 6 metrres what people with normal eyesight can read at 12
161
most common cause of septic arthritis
staph aureas
162
commonest cause of heavy uterine bleeding
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
163
Features of salmonella tyhpi in exam questions (typhoid)
- isolated on blood culturres & bone cultures (though specific is painful)
- blanching tuncal maclopapular rash on trunk
- Constipation before pea soup diarrhoea
- peyers patches on bowes that can perforate
- relative BADYCARDIA and splenomegaly
164
Dengue fever on exams
- facial flushing
- caused by mosquitoes
- Serology IgG and IgM
- thrombocytopenia nad leukopenia
165
inability to straight leg raise in knee trauma
- patellar fracture
- quadriceps tendon reputure
- patellar tendon rupture
166
heridary angiooedema
low levels of C1 inhibitor
167
Chediak Higashi
- albinism
- easy bruising
- recurrent pyogenic infections
168
distended neck veins in cadiac arrest
cardiac tampondade
could be from bleeding into pericardium e.g. LV wall rupture
169
what is the max dose of lidocaine with adrernaline that can be administered
7mg/kg with adrenaline
3mg/kg of just lidocaine
- this is because adrrenaline cuases local vascontriction so the LA is more likley to stay in the area and not into the blood stream causing LA toxicity
170
what should not be used in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma?
anti-muscarics that dialate the eye
note even though sympathomimetics may dialate the eye too - they also reduced aqueous humour production and increase drainage
171
Tests for H pylori - ivasive and non invasive
Non invasive
- 13C urea breath test
- stool antigen test
- blood antibody test
invastive
- histological biopsy
- CLO test
- microbial culture
have to have stopped PPI 2 weeks before and not have ABX within 4 weeks
172
name for erotomania
de cleranbault syndrome
173
name for syndrom when you think you're dead / dying / nihilistic delusions s
Cotards syndrome
174
syndrome when a familiarr person is falsely identified in other
Fregoli syndrome
F for fake
175
syndrome when you believe someone you know has been replaced by a stranger who is their exact double
capgras syndrome
176
delisuion of infestation with insects
Ekholm's syndrome
177
galeazzi fracture
The Galeazzi fracture is a fracture of the middle to distal one-third of the radius associated with dislocation or subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ).
177
fracture common in children falling onto outstrectched hand
supracondylar humeral fracture
178
asthenozoospermia
reduced sperm molility
Asthen = aspen = skiing = movement
179
azoospermia
no sperm
180
hypospermia
reduced semen volume
181
oliogospermia
low sperm count
182
teratospermia
poor sperm morphology
183
formula for plasma osmolarity
2Na + urea + glucose
Just add them up but count for sodium twice
184
plasma osmo for HHS and normal range
noraml range 284-295
HHS >320
185
Freidreichs Ataxia associated with what
Cardiomyopathy
(ataxic gait, pes cavus, scoliosis and muscle weakness)
Most common inheritied axatia iinthe UK
186
fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
progressive difficulty sucking straw/whistling
dominently inherited
progresses from face downward
winging of scapula also seen
187
perennial allergic rhinitis cause/allergen
house dust mites
188
hyposensitisation is of benefit with which allergen?
Wasp sting anaphylaxis
189
Downs associated with what
- Early onseet alzheimers
- Endocardial cushion defects
- hypothyroid
- T1DM
- Hirshsprung's disease
- ALL
- duodenal atresia
-
190
most common cause of high Ca
primary hyperparathyroidism
191
plummer vinson syndrome
v=Plummer-Vinson syndrome is defined by the classic triad of dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia and esophageal webs.
192
common valve defect in rheumatiod fver
mitral stenosis
jones criteria for rheumatic fever
193
What blood group is associated with gastric carcinoma?
blood group A
194
Commonest bacterial gastroenteritisi in UK
campylobacter
195
opiod that can provoke seizures
tramadol
196
neonatal life support after delivery - when to start chest compressions and what ratio
HR <60 after 5 rescue breaths etc
Ratio 3:1for 30 sec
197
Common HAP organismsa
Pseudomonas
staph aureas
Klebsiella
198
waterhouse friedrickson syndrome
disease of adrenals cause by bacteria neisseria meningities
heamorrhage into adrenals and then adrenal insufficiency
199
which of the following cause hypokalaemia and hypernatraemia
Conns
Cushings
Addisons
Conns & cushings
ADDISONS CAUSES HYPERKALAEMIA
200
gey membrane ove inflamed pharynx
diphtheria
201
Most common cause of meningitis in adults in the UK
steptococcus pneumoniae
202
freibergs disease
osteochondrosis effecting the toes, comming in 12-13 year old girls
Collapse of2nd or 3rd metatarsal heads
203
When would an innocent murrmur be head
SYSTOLE or continuously durinf systole & diastolye
diastoloc mumurs arre always pathological
204
HRT increases the risk of what CA
breast and endometrial
205
Gene changes ALL
t 4;11
206
Philidelphia chromosome
t 9;22
207
Burkitts lypmphoma gene
t 8;14
208
Acute promyelocytic leukemia gene
t 15;17
treated with retinols
15 &17 y.o. get acne -> retinols -> APML
209
Lichen simplex
not a pimary process occurs after repetitive itching
210
Test to test lung function in long standing lung disease
Lung diffusion test
- gas exchange of CO
211
arnold chiari malformaltion
herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum
212
Treatment of radiation pneumonitis
Prednisolone/steroids
213
footling breech associated with what pregnancy complication
cord prolapse
214
buttock first breech presentation
extended breech
215
Flexed breech presentation is what
mixing of feet and buttocks as presenting part
216
Drugs that can cause aplastic anaemia
Chlorampenicol
Phenytoin
Carbemazepine
Quinine
217
Aortic regurgitation features
- Early diastolic murmur
- Loudest in xpiration
- Accentuated by leaning forward
- High pitched
- nail bed capillary pulseations (Quinke's sign)
- Carotid pulsation (corrigans sign)
218
Aortic sclerosis
Aortic valve sclerosis is defined as calcification and thickening of a trileaflet aortic valve in the absence of obstruction of ventricular outflow. Its frequency increases with age, making it a major geriatric problem
219
Largyneal pappilomatosis
Related to HPV
Laryngeal papillomatosis are benign (noncancerous), wart-like tumors that form inside of your larynx
220
HIV antibody test in children born to HIV +ve mothers timing
18 months
221
Polycythemia ruba vera treatment
aysypmtomatic - venesection & aspirin
Organospegaly - immunotherapy
Severe - splenectomy
222
primary myelofibrosis treatment
immunosupression
223
del castillo syndrome
galactorrhea following cessation of hormonal contraception
224
Treatment for autoimmune thrombocytopenia that reduces need for spenectomy
Rituxumab reduced need for splenectomy
225
hepatic cysts vs heamangiomas surveillance
cysts - USS
haemangioamas - CT scan
226
Kartagners syndrome trias
Bronchiectasis, deafneess & infertility
due to dysfunction of cilia
227
tests lymphatic drainage
para=aortic nodes
228
Bacterial keratitis organism
Pseudomonas aruginosa
229
Drug that can worsen autoimmune hepatitis
Interferon (used to treat Hepatitis C)
230
midgut malrotation acute presentation
with symptoms of volvulus
231
Hypertension in pregnancy in usually defined as
systolic > 140 mmHg or diastolic > 90 mmHg
or an increase above booking readings of > 30 mmHg systolic or > 15 mmHg diastolic
232
difference between Ransons score and modified Glasgow score
Ransons only used in ALCHOL induced pacreatitis
Both scoring systems for pancreatitis
233
Tumour markers for germ cell tumours
seminomas: seminomas: hCG may be elevated in around 20%
non-seminomas: AFP and/or beta-hCG are elevated in 80-85%
LDH is elevated in around 40% of germ cell tumours
234
Unpasteurised milk/farm working infection
Brucellosis
aka mediterranean fever
Really long course of doxy and streptomycin need to treat - approx 6 weeks
235
Cabergoline
D2 agoninst used in treatment of prolactinomas and parkinsons
236
amantadine
indirect dopamine-releasing action and a direct stimulation of dopamine receptors.
Amantadine, sold under the brand name Gocovri among others, is a medication used to treat dyskinesia associated with parkinsonism
237
Benserazide
part of co-carlydopa
peripherial dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor which stops peropheral breakdown of dopamine
238
pericardial calcification
constrictive pericarditis
239
framingham score
A Framingham score shows the risk of developing heart disease over the next 10 years. T
240
Cancers links to ceoliac disease
oesophaeal
small bowel
intestinal lymphoma
NOT colon CA
241
Turcots syndrome
Turcot syndrome is the association of primary brain tumors with colorectal cancer. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are the 2 most well-known inherited colorectal cancers
242
What starchy foods can ceoliacs each
Rice, maize, potatoes, soya products
243
Fasting glucose threshold
>7
244
Random glucose threshold
>11.1
245
OGTT threshold
>11.1
246
Impaired oral glucose tolerance
7.8 - 11.1 after glucose. challenge
and fasting <7
247
Criteria to diagnose IBS
Rome criteria
248
ACS caused by cocaine - what DO you given and what DONT you give
IV Benzos - do give
Dont give b blockers as thought to worsen the coronary spasm
249
What do you replace first - B12 or folate and why?
B12
Risk of subacude degeneration of the cord
250
Blood stained breast discharge likely cause
Duct papilloma
251
