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Pharamacology Flashcards

1
Q

Side effect of isoniazid

A

peripheral neuropathy 2nd to vit b 6 defieincy
clumsy and falls
agranulocytosis

need to give pyridoxine with treatment

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2
Q

side effect of ethambutol

A

visual changes
ocular toxicity

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3
Q

side effect of rifampicin

A

orange color pee
liver dysfunction

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4
Q

What is most likely complication from methylphenidate?

A

Loss of appetite

Sign medication is wearing off when appetite returns

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5
Q

Why are NSAIDs not recommened in pregnancy?

A

Reduce renal blood Flow in foetuses

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6
Q

How do montelukast’s work?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Reduces bronchoconstriction and inflammation

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7
Q

Mode of action for fusidic acid

A

Inhibits protein synthesis = bacteriostatic effect

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8
Q

mode of action of adenosine

A

Reduces conduction velocity inAVN

Work on A1 receptors

Breaks reentry circuit = asystole for few seconds

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9
Q

where do loop diuretics work?

A

Ascending limb of loop of Henle

Inhibits Na K Coco transporter

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10
Q

Name loop diuretics

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide

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11
Q

What can’t you use macrolide (clarithromycin) and statin together?

A

Macrolide CYP450 3AE inhibitor
Statin metabolised by CYP450 3AE - will become toxic, cause rhabdomyolysis

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12
Q

Most common side affect of ipratropium

A

Mydriasis

Anti-muscarinic

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13
Q

Oxybutyin MoA

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist - relaxation of bladder smooth muscle

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14
Q

How does salbutamol act in hyperkalemia

A

Shifts potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartment

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15
Q

Sodium valproate MoA

A

enhancing action of GABA which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter

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16
Q

Carbmazepine MoA

A

sodium channel blocker

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17
Q

Which TB medication is a enzyme inducer?

A

Rifamapcin

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18
Q

Where is melatonin metabolised

A

Liver

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19
Q

What is melatonin’s MoA

A

binding to MT1 receptors in suprachiamastic nucleus of anterior hypothalamus and MT2 receptors in retina

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20
Q

Vigabatrin MoA

A

inhibits GABA break down - inhibits GABA transaminase - increases GABA levels

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21
Q

What is vigabatrin used for

A

infantile spasms

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22
Q

What does codeine get metabolised to ?

A

Morphine

Cross placenta and in breast milk

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23
Q

Side effect of ethambutol

A

Visual disturbance

Eye-thambutol

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24
Q

Side effect of isoniazid

A

Im-so-numb

peripheral neuorpathy

Need vit B6 Pyridoxine

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25
What is fomepizol MoA
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
26
Warfarin MoA
inhibits synthesis of vit-k dependent clotting factors (2,7,9,10) Inhibits production of protein C and S
27
What adverse side effect is related to co-amoxiclav
cholestatic jaundice
28
What is meropenam related to ?
transaminitis
29
Dornase Alpha MoA
biosynthetic form of DNAse 1 Cleaves extracellular DNA --> this reduces sputum visosity
30
What type of ABX is clindamycin
lincosamide Inhibits protein synthesis
31
What monoclonal antibody is used for chronic ITP
Rituximab
32
When is palivizumab given
Pre-term babies chronic lung disease at risk of RSV
33
What do you need to supplement orlistat (Weight lossing medication) with
vitamin d
34
MoA of methylphenidate
inhibition of reuptake of dopamine and norpinephrine
35
Rituximab MoA
monoclonal antibody direct against CD20 antigen on surface of B lymphocytes
36
Other indications for Rituximab
SLE Hogkin's lymphoma non-hodgkin's lymphoma
37
What is vabigatran ass. with
Visual field defects
38
How does calcium rsoium work
cation exchange in colon
39
MoA fexofenidine
H1 antagonist 2nd generation antihistamine less sedation affect
40
what is the bioavailability of PO morphine
50% if converting IV to PO - need to multiple by 2
41
What is reversible medication of heparin
protamine
42
MoA of adalimumab
tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)- alpha inhibitor
43
MoA of tacilizumab
inhibition of interleukin-6 receptors
44
MoA of trimethoprim
competitive dihrydofolate reductase inhibitor
45
MoA methotrexate
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
46
MoA of trimethoprim
inhibits tertahyrodfic acid synethesis
47
Gentamycin MoA
binding of 30s ribosome to inhibit bacterial synthesis
48
Clarithryomycin MoA
binding of 50s ribosome to inhibit bacterial synthesis
49
Coagulase negative staphylococcus
indwelling / long lines gram +ve
50
Enterococcus faecli
gram +VE cocci UTi
51
Azithryomycin mOa
BINDING to the 23 S recombinant rNA of the bacterial 50 S ribsosomal subunit to inhibit bacterial synthesis
52
Metronidazole MoA
bactericidal agent inhibits bacterial synthesis by helical DNA structure and strand breakage
53
Ranitidine MoA
inhibition of H2 receptor
54
Gaviscon MoA
Alginic acid reacts with gastric acid to form foam barrier
55
Allopurinol MoA
metabolised in liver to active form - oxypurinol inhibits enzyme xanthine disorder
56
Calcium channel MoA
inhibition of calcium ion influx at L-type calcium channels
57
Methylphenidate MoA
sodium-dependent dopamine transporter inhibitor
58
Ondansetron MoA
serotonin-receptor antagonist 5-HT2 receptor antagonist
59
Domperidone MoA
dopamine receptor antagonist D2 and D3
60
eTHOSUXIMADE mOa
T type calcium channel Absence and. myoclonic
61
Which AED act o sodium channels
carbamazepine phenytoin
62
Nifedipine and amlodipine Moa
L type of calcium channel
63
Botulumin MoA
acetlycholinease
64

TAS (18 decks)

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