Pharamacology Flashcards
Side effect of isoniazid
peripheral neuropathy 2nd to vit b 6 defieincy
clumsy and falls
agranulocytosis
need to give pyridoxine with treatment
side effect of ethambutol
visual changes
ocular toxicity
side effect of rifampicin
orange color pee
liver dysfunction
What is most likely complication from methylphenidate?
Loss of appetite
Sign medication is wearing off when appetite returns
Why are NSAIDs not recommened in pregnancy?
Reduce renal blood Flow in foetuses
How do montelukast’s work?
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Reduces bronchoconstriction and inflammation
Mode of action for fusidic acid
Inhibits protein synthesis = bacteriostatic effect
mode of action of adenosine
Reduces conduction velocity inAVN
Work on A1 receptors
Breaks reentry circuit = asystole for few seconds
where do loop diuretics work?
Ascending limb of loop of Henle
Inhibits Na K Coco transporter
Name loop diuretics
Furosemide
Bumetanide
What can’t you use macrolide (clarithromycin) and statin together?
Macrolide CYP450 3AE inhibitor
Statin metabolised by CYP450 3AE - will become toxic, cause rhabdomyolysis
Most common side affect of ipratropium
Mydriasis
Anti-muscarinic
Oxybutyin MoA
muscarinic receptor antagonist - relaxation of bladder smooth muscle
How does salbutamol act in hyperkalemia
Shifts potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartment
Sodium valproate MoA
enhancing action of GABA which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Carbmazepine MoA
sodium channel blocker
Which TB medication is a enzyme inducer?
Rifamapcin
Where is melatonin metabolised
Liver
What is melatonin’s MoA
binding to MT1 receptors in suprachiamastic nucleus of anterior hypothalamus and MT2 receptors in retina
Vigabatrin MoA
inhibits GABA break down - inhibits GABA transaminase - increases GABA levels
What is vigabatrin used for
infantile spasms
What does codeine get metabolised to ?
Morphine
Cross placenta and in breast milk
Side effect of ethambutol
Visual disturbance
Eye-thambutol
Side effect of isoniazid
Im-so-numb
peripheral neuorpathy
Need vit B6 Pyridoxine
What is fomepizol MoA
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
Warfarin MoA
inhibits synthesis of vit-k dependent clotting factors (2,7,9,10)
Inhibits production of protein C and S
What adverse side effect is related to co-amoxiclav
cholestatic jaundice
What is meropenam related to ?
transaminitis
Dornase Alpha MoA
biosynthetic form of DNAse 1
Cleaves extracellular DNA –> this reduces sputum visosity
What type of ABX is clindamycin
lincosamide
Inhibits protein synthesis
What monoclonal antibody is used for chronic ITP
Rituximab
When is palivizumab given
Pre-term babies chronic lung disease at risk of RSV
What do you need to supplement orlistat (Weight lossing medication) with
vitamin d
MoA of methylphenidate
inhibition of reuptake of dopamine and norpinephrine
Rituximab MoA
monoclonal antibody direct against CD20 antigen on surface of B lymphocytes
Other indications for Rituximab
SLE
Hogkin’s lymphoma
non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
What is vabigatran ass. with
Visual field defects
How does calcium rsoium work
cation exchange in colon
MoA fexofenidine
H1 antagonist
2nd generation antihistamine
less sedation affect
what is the bioavailability of PO morphine
50%
if converting IV to PO - need to multiple by 2
What is reversible medication of heparin
protamine
MoA of adalimumab
tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)- alpha inhibitor
MoA of tacilizumab
inhibition of interleukin-6 receptors
MoA of trimethoprim
competitive dihrydofolate reductase inhibitor
MoA methotrexate
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
MoA of trimethoprim
inhibits tertahyrodfic acid synethesis
Gentamycin MoA
binding of 30s ribosome to inhibit bacterial synthesis
Clarithryomycin MoA
binding of 50s ribosome to inhibit bacterial synthesis
Coagulase negative staphylococcus
indwelling / long lines
gram +ve
Enterococcus faecli
gram +VE cocci
UTi
Azithryomycin mOa
BINDING to the 23 S recombinant rNA of the bacterial 50 S ribsosomal subunit to inhibit bacterial synthesis
Metronidazole MoA
bactericidal agent
inhibits bacterial synthesis by helical DNA structure and strand breakage
Ranitidine MoA
inhibition of H2 receptor
Gaviscon MoA
Alginic acid reacts with gastric acid to form foam barrier
Allopurinol MoA
metabolised in liver to active form - oxypurinol
inhibits enzyme xanthine disorder
Calcium channel MoA
inhibition of calcium ion influx at L-type calcium channels
Methylphenidate MoA
sodium-dependent dopamine transporter inhibitor
Ondansetron MoA
serotonin-receptor antagonist
5-HT2 receptor antagonist
Domperidone MoA
dopamine receptor antagonist
D2 and D3
eTHOSUXIMADE mOa
T type calcium channel
Absence and. myoclonic
Which AED act o sodium channels
carbamazepine
phenytoin
Nifedipine and amlodipine Moa
L type of calcium channel
Botulumin MoA
acetlycholinease
