Neonatal Flashcards
Where are calcifications in CMV?
periventricular
What are long term complications of CMV?
sensorineural deafness
learning disabilties
What is characteristic of herpes simplex infection?
Hepatosplenamegly
Cranail USS with diffuse oedema
What is fetal varicella syndrome?
Low birth weight
Cicatrical skin - pale yellow dermatomal scars
Limb hypoplasia
Microcephaly
Chorioretinitis
Which treatment should a non-immune pregnant woman receive if contacts chicken pox?
Varicella zoster immunoglobulin
When does polycyntheia occur in neonates?
Venous haematocrit >65%
When do you treat neonatal polycyaethmia ?
Symptomatic
Venous haematocrit > 70 with no symptoms
What is treatment for polycytheamia ?
partial exchange transfusion with removal of blood and replacement of 0.9% sodium chloride to reduce haemocrit to 50%
Which medication is first line to treat neonatal seizure
phenobarbital
What is phenobarbital MoA
activating the gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA A receptor
When and where is surfactant produced
lipoprotein syntethesize in type 11 pneumocystis from 24 weeks
What organisms cause early onset sepsis
Group B strep
E.coli
Listeria monocytes
Haemophilus
non-bacteria - herpes, enterovirus
Cause of late onset sepsis
coagulase-negative staphylococci
E.Coli
Klebsiella
S.aurues
Risk factors for sepsis
Forceps delivery
Chorioamniotisis
Intrauterine monitoring
Maternal GBS colonisation
Intrapartum fever
Preterm delivery
Prolonged rupture of membranes >18 hours
Meconium-stained fluid
What does a blood test in NEC show?
Metabolic acidosis
What causes respiratory distress syndrome?
Defiency of surfactant - higher surface tension at the alveolar surface
Preterm infant airways - lack sufficient cartilage to remain patent = collapse lungs an increased airway resistance
Prevention of RDS
Antenatal glucocorticoid to induce endogenous surfactant formation
Exogenous surfactant replacement therapy
Resp. support - CPAP
What benefits are there to human breast milk in neonates
Reduced risk of NEC
Reduced risk of systemic infection
What is patency of PDA maintained by
High blood flow
Hypoxia
Locally derived prostaglandin E2
What type of shunt is a PDA
left to right
Increased pulmonary blood flow
Pulmonary oedema a
CCF