PHAN LAB FINALS 1 Flashcards
Separations isolate the analyte from potentially
interfering constituents.
ANALYTICAL SEPARATION
What are the small-scale separation techniques
- Precipitation
- Distillation
- Extraction
- Ion-exchange
- Chromatography
It is a process in which a mixture of inert materials, drug principles, and impurities is separated into its components with different and reversible affinities
Chromatographic Method
A fluid that moves through or over the surface of the
stationary phase.
Mobile Phase
Mobile Phase is usually an _______________
Organic (Non-Polar) Solvent
It a fixed bed core of a large surface area
Stationary Phase
Stationary Phase is usually an __________
Adsorbent (Silica Gel G – a polar substance)
The simplest type of chromatographic column consists of a separation flask and a cylindrical glass tube constricted at one
end.
Column Chromatography
What are the phases in Column Chromatography
Mobile phase: organic solvent
Stationary phase: silica gel
Cellulose of the filter paper is used as adsorbent
Paper Chromatography (PC)
Phases in Paper Chromatography
Mobile phase: organic solvent (non-polar)
Stationary phase – water (polar)
It follows the same principle as the PC
o Most distinct result
o Most precise
TLC
Factors that affect the Rf Value
Nature adsorbent
Mobile phase
Thickness of layer
Temperature
Equilibrium
Dipping zone
Chromatographic techniques
It is used to enable the detection of separated compounds that are colorless and cannot be visualized with UV radiation or fluorescence.
Derivatization
What are the derivatization methods
Spraying
Dipping
In-situ derivatization
Chromatography principle with Mobile and stationary phase are in liquid state.
Partition Chromatography
Chromatography principle the stationary phase is solid, the mobile phase is liquid.
Adsorption Chromatography
Chromatography principle based on molecular weight
Molecular exclusion/gel
filtration chromatography
Chromatography Ion-Enbased on charges
Ion-exchange
Chromatography that uses inert gas for the analysis of volatile compounds
Gas chromatography
It is the time required by an average
component molecule to pass from the injection point through the column to the detector.
Retention time (tR)
It is defined as the volume of carrier gas
necessary to carry an average molecule of the component from the point of injection to the detector.
Retention Volume (vR)
In this chromatography, solvents must be degassed to remove bubbles before they can be used.
HPLC
Chromatography methods that involve in Adsorption
CC
TLC
GC
Chromatography method that involved in partition
PC
Chromatography method involved in Adsorption, partition, ion exchange
and molecular exclusion
HPLC
