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Immunology & Serology > Phagocytosis > Flashcards

Phagocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

Russian scientist, observed that foreign objects introduced into transparent starfish larvae became surrounded by motile cells that attempted to destroy these invaders, a process called phagocytosis.

A

Elie Metchnikof

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2
Q

initiated as a result of tissue damage, either trauma or as a result of microorganism
multiplication

A

Phagocytosis

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3
Q

has increase surface receptors that allow for adherence

A

Activated phagocyte

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4
Q

Process by which cells tend to move in a certain direction under the stimulation of a chemical substances such as opsonin (Examples are Antibodies, CRP, and complement components)

A

Chemotaxis

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5
Q

whereby cells are attracted to the site of inflammation by chemical substances(chemotaxins) such as soluble bacterial factors or acute-phase reactants including complement components and CRP

A

Chemotaxis

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6
Q

Without the influence of these chemotactic substances, cell motion is random

A

Chemotaxis

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7
Q

Diseases associated with abnormal chemotactic activity

A

Job syndrome / Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E

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8
Q

Disease associated with abnormal random and chemotactic activity

A

Lazy Leukocyte syndrome

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9
Q

Migration is toward to the site of stimulation

A

Positive chemotaxis

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10
Q

Migration away from the site stimulation

A

Negative chemotaxis

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11
Q

physical contact between the phagocytic cell and the microorganism occurs, aided by opsonins.

A

Adherence

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12
Q

microorganism is completely surrounded by a part of the cell membrane

A

Formation of phagosome

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13
Q

cytoplasmic granules fuse with membrane of phagosome, emptying contents into this membrane-bound space.

A

Formation of the phagolysosome

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14
Q

Digestion of the microorganism by

A

hydrolytic enzymes

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15
Q

Excretion of contents of phagolysosome to the outside by

A

exocytosis

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16
Q

via Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRP) that recognize lipid and carbohydrates sequences on microorganisms

A

Direct phagocytosis

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17
Q

via Opsonin receptors that recognize opsonins such as IgG, C3b bound to microorganism

A

Indirect phagocytosis

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18
Q

The Reduction of Oxygen that Leads to the formation of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ions

A

Oxygen dependent/Respiratory Burst

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19
Q

Oxygen dependent/Respiratory Burst reduce oxygen by the help of enzymes

A

NADPH oxidase, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Myeloperoxidase

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20
Q

Production of nitric oxide from oxidation of L-arginine by NO synthase

A

Oxygen Independent

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21
Q

Oxygen Independent is the Production of nitric oxide from oxidation of L-arginine by NO synthase which is produced by

A

Interferon Gamma activated cells.

22
Q

Oxygen independent produces

A

Lysozyme, lactoferrin, Major basic proteins, lipase & defensins

23
Q

Phagocytosis can be divided into six stage

A

Chemotaxis -> adherence -> engulfment ->phagosome formation -> fusion -> digestion and destruction

24
Q

Fusion of the phagosome with lysosomal granules creates a

A

phagolysosome

25
Q

Phagocytic cells

A

Dendritic cells (most potent), Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophil, Basophil, and Eosinophil

26
Q

The most potent/lethal bactericidal product formed in the respiratory burst

A

Hydrogen peroxide

27
Q

Known to be central to the killing of microbes, because its dysfunction causes chronic granulomatous disease.

A

NADPH oxidase

28
Q

Patients with this disease suffer from recurring, severe bacterial infections

A

NADPH oxidase

29
Q

A lytic enzyme from the lysosomal granules that are able to cleave segments of bacterial cell walls without the benefit of oxygen.

A

Defensins

30
Q

They are chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a particular direction

A

Chemotaxins

31
Q

Produced by neutrophils, certain macrophage populations, and Paneth cells of the small intestine. This class of defensins is believed to disrupt the microbial membrane.

A

Alpha defensins

32
Q

Produced by neutrophils as well as epithelial cells lining the various organs, including the bronchial tree and genitourinary system. They are believed to increase resistance of epithelial cells to colonization

A

Beta defensins

33
Q

Surface receptors that promote cell to cell interaction. It is an adhesion molecule together with selectins

A

Integrins

34
Q

Bactericidal and viricidal protein in the presence of C3 component and magnesium

A

properdin

35
Q

Heat stable cationic substance released by platelet during coagulation

A

Beta-Lysin

36
Q

Iron binding protein that is found in secretory fluid such as milk, saliva, tear, and nasal secretion. It is also released as a secondary granules of PMNs.

A

Lactoferrin

37
Q

It protect against bacterial infection, possibly by preventing the growth of bacteria by depriving them of essential nutrients (iron) or by killing bacteria by destroying their cell walls

A

Lactoferrin

38
Q

Three groups of PRRs exist

A

Secreted PRRs
Phagocytosis receptors
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

39
Q

are molecules that circulate in blood and lymph; circulating proteins bind to PAMPs on the surface of many pathogens. This interaction triggers the complement cascade, leading to the opsonization of the pathogen and its speedy phagocytosis

A

Secreted PRRs

40
Q

are cell surface receptors that bind the pathogen, initiating a signal leading to the release of effector molecules (e.g., cytokines)

A

Phagocytosis receptors

41
Q

_____ have cell surface receptors that recognize PAMPs containing mannose.

A

Macrophages

42
Q

are a set of transmembrane receptors that recognize different types of PAMPs they are a set of transmembrane receptors that recognize different types of PAMPs

A

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

43
Q

recognizes teichoic acid and peptidoglycan found in gram-positive bacteria

A

TLR2

44
Q

recognizes lipopolysaccharide found in gram-negative bacteria

A

TLR4

45
Q

recognizes lipoprotein found in mycobacteria

A

TLR1

46
Q

recognizes bacterial flagellin

A

TLR5

47
Q

Refers The overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent

A

INFLAMMATION

48
Q

The cardinal signs of inflammation

A

a. Rubor - redness(erythema) *first sign
b. Dolor- pain
c. Calor – Heat
d. Tumor – Swelling (edema)
e. Function laessa – loss or diminished function

49
Q

acts to combat the early stages of infection and also begins a process that repairs tissue Damage.

A

acute inflammatory response

50
Q

The predominant WBC found is

A

neutrophil

51
Q

The Predominant Cells found in chronic inflammation are

A

monocytes/macrophages.

Immunology & Serology (13 decks)

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