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Immunology & Serology > IMMUNOSERO //STEVENS CHAP 2: NATURE OF ANTIGENS AND THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX > Flashcards

IMMUNOSERO //STEVENS CHAP 2: NATURE OF ANTIGENS AND THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX Flashcards

1
Q

responds to certain patterns

A

Innate immune system

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2
Q

characterized by recognition of individual pathogens

A

Adaptive immune system

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3
Q

key cells responsible for the specificity, diversity and memory in adaptive immunity

A

Lymphocytes

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4
Q

The immune response of lymphocytes is triggered by materials called

A

immunogens

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5
Q

Macromolecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing formation of antibodies
or sensitized T cells in an immunocompetent host.

A

Immunogens

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6
Q

can then specifically react with such antibodies or sensitized T cells.

A

Immunogens

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7
Q

Refers to a substance that reacts with an antibody or sensitized T cells BUT MAY NOT be able to evoke an
immune response in the first place.

A

Antigen

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8
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

age, overall health, dose, route of inoculation, and genetic capacity

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9
Q

a system of genes that code for cell-surface molecules that play an important role in Ag recognition.

A

MHC

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10
Q

The ability of an immunogen to stimulate a host response

A

Immunogenicity

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11
Q

Characteristics of immunogenicity

A

Macromolecular size
Foreignness
Chemical composition and molecular complexity
Ability to be processed and presented with MHC molecules

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12
Q

the most effective immunogens bc made up of amino acids

A

Proteins & polysaccharides

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13
Q

Less immunogenic that protein bc smaller & have limited no. of sugars available to create structure

A

Carbohydrates

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14
Q

Examples of glycolipids

A

A, B, and H blood group antigens

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15
Q

Examples of glycoproteins

A

Rh and Lewis antigens

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16
Q

Key portion of the immunogen; the determinant site

A

Epitope

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17
Q

Molecular shapes of configurations that are recognized by B or T cells.

A

Epitope

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18
Q

sequential; aa following one another on a single chain

A

Linear epitopes

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19
Q

results from the folding of one chain or multiple chains

A

Conformational epitope

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20
Q

Anything that is capable of cross-linking surface Ig molecules: is able to

A

trigger B-cell activation

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21
Q

Nonimmunogenic materials that, when combined with a carrier, create new antigenic determinants.

A

Haptens

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22
Q

capable of reaction with antibody even when the hapten is not complexed to a carrier molecule

A

Haptens

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23
Q

Contains catechols which are haptens; once in contact with skin, these can couple with tissue proteins to
form the immunogens that give rise to contact dermatitis.

A

Poison ivy (Rhus radicans)

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24
Q

Best known for his discovery of the ABO blood groups; conducted most famous study of haptens

A

Karl Landsteiner

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25
Q

A substance mixed with an immunogen that increases the immune response in order to provide immunity to a particular disease.

A

ADJUVANTS

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26
Q

Work by: keeping the antigen in the area and by increasing the no. of cells involved in immune response

A

ADJUVANTS

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27
Q

Used to accelerate the immune response & increased the duration of protection, reduced need for booster

A

ADJUVANTS

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28
Q

actually work by targeting APCs , which are key to the adaptive immune response

A

Adjuvants

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29
Q

Antigens that belong to the host; do NOT evoke an immune response under normal circumstances

A

Autoantigens

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30
Q

Antigens from other members of the host’s species; Capable of eliciting an immune response

A

Alloantigens

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31
Q

Important to consider in tissue transplantation and in blood transfuions

A

Alloantigens

32
Q

Antigens from other species, such as other animals, plants or microorganism.

A

Heteroantigens

33
Q

that exist in unrelated plants or animals but are either identical or closely related in structure so that antibody to one will cross-react with antigen of the other

A

Heterophile antigens

34
Q

Evidence now indicates that the genetic capability to mount an immune response is linked to a group of
molecules originally referred to as

A

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)

35
Q

gave name HLA bc 1st identified by discovering an antibody response to WBCs

A

Dausset

36
Q

they determine whether transplanted tissue is histocompatible and thus accepted or rejected

A

MHC molecules

37
Q

Encodes class l and II molecules which play a major role in antigen presentation to T cells

A

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

38
Q

Actually found ON ALL nucleated cells in the body

A

MHC molecules

39
Q

Play a vital role in the development of both humoral and cellular immunity

A

MHC molecules

40
Q

Can function as antigens when transplanted from one individual to another

A

MHC molecules

41
Q

Main function: To bring antigen in the body to the surface of cells for recognition by T cells

A

MHC molecules

42
Q

Only occur when antigen is combined with MHC molecules on the surface of other cells

A

T-cell activation

43
Q

The most polymorphic system found in humans; so many different alleles

A

MHC system

44
Q

Genes coding for the MHC molecules in humans are found on the

A

short arm of chromosome 6

45
Q

Found at 3 different locations or loci termed A, B, and C

A

Class I genes

46
Q

there is only one gene coding for each particular molecule

A

class 1 molecules

47
Q

Involved in antigen recognition ; they influence the repertoire of antigens to which T cells can respond

A

Class I and II genes

48
Q

Can be seen in most nucleated cells

A

Class I genes

49
Q

Can be seen in most antigen-presenting cells

A

Class II genes

50
Q

situated in the D region and there are several diff. loci known as DR, DQ and DP

A

Class II genes

51
Q

Have one gene that codes for the alpha chain and one or more genes that code for the beta chain

A

Class II genes

52
Q

Code for the C4A, C4B, C2 and B complement proteins, & cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

A

Class III genes

53
Q

these are secreted proteins that have an immune function, but they are NOT expressed on cell surfaces

A

Class III genes

54
Q

Also have a completely different
structure compared with the other two classes

A

Class III genes

55
Q

Expressed on all nucleated cells

A

Class I MHC (HLA) molecules

56
Q

Found primarily on APCs

A

Class II MHC (HLA) molecules

57
Q

CLASS I MHC MOLECULES are Highest on

A

Lymphocyytes and Myeloid cells

58
Q

CLASS I MHC MOLECULES are Low/Undetected on

A

Hepatocytes, neural, muscle cells & sperm

59
Q

expressed at a much lower level than HLA-A

A

HLA-C antigens

60
Q

the most important to match for transplantation

A

HLA-A and HLA-B antigens

61
Q

Nonclassical Class I antigens

A

G,E, F

62
Q

on fetal trophoblast cells; bind to NK inhibitory receptors and turn off the NK cytotoxic response (protect fetus)

A

G antigens

63
Q

Class II MHC molecules: found on the APCs that include:

A

B lymphocytes
Monocytes
Thymic epithelium
Macrophages
Dendritic cell’s

64
Q

highest levels of class II molecules on their surfac

A

Dendritic cells

65
Q

The major class II molecules: DR, DP, DQ; consist of two noncovalently bound polypeptide chains that are encoded by separate genes in the MHC complex; called _______

A

heterodimers

66
Q

expressed at the highest level bc it accounts for about one-half of all the class II molecules

A

DR

67
Q

found in the shortest supply

A

DP

68
Q

Nonclassical Class II antigens

A

DM, DN, DO

69
Q

helps to load peptides onto class II molecules

A

DM

70
Q

Nonclassical Class II antigen that modulates antigen binding

A

DO

71
Q

process by which degraded peptides w/in cells are transported to plasma membrane where T cells can then recognize them.

A

Antigen Presentation

72
Q

Watchdogs of viral, tumor, and certain parasitic antigens that are synthesized within the cell

A

Class I molecules

73
Q

Help to mount an immune response to bacterial infections or other pathogens found outside cells

A

Class II molecules

74
Q

Known as the ENDOgenous pathway of antigen presentation bc antigens that bind to class I proteins are actually synthesized in the same cell as the class I molecules

A

CLASS I MHC – PEPTIDE INTERACTION

75
Q

Participate in EXOgenous pathway of antigen presentation. This means that antigen is taken into the cell from the outside by means of either phagocytosis or endocytosis

A

CLASS II MHC – PEPTIDE INTERACTION

76
Q

8 to 16 amino acids

A

CLASS I MHC

77
Q

Class II molecules are synthesized in the ER and associate with a protein called

A

invariant chain (Ii)

Immunology & Serology (13 decks)

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