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The Psych Bible > Pgs 8-10 > Flashcards

Pgs 8-10 Flashcards

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1
Q

False consensus effect

A

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors (#10)

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2
Q

Feature detector cells: Hubel/Wisel’s

A

Never cells in the brain that respond to specific features of stimulus, such as shape, movement, or angle (#10)

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3
Q

Feral children

A

A human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age where they have little or no experience of human care, behavior, or of human language (#10)

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4
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman’s heavy drinking (#10)

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5
Q

Figure-ground phenomenon

A

The organization of visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground) (#10)

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6
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly: tends to decrease during late adulthood (#10)

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7
Q

Flynn effect

A

Younger generations are getting smarter by 10 points per generation (#10)

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8
Q

Foot-in-the-door

A

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request (#10)

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9
Q

Foveal vision

A

Sharp central vision that the fovea is responsible for; visual acuity is best in Fovea (#10)

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10
Q

Framing

A

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements (#10)

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11
Q

Free association

A

I’m psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing (#10)

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12
Q

Frequency polygon

A

A graphical device for understanding shapes of distributions (#10)

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13
Q

Frequency theory

A

In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense pitch (#10)

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14
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stages & critiques

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

-development is lifelong, it overestimates parental influence, after the fact explanation (#10)

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15
Q

Frustration-aggression hyp

A

The principle that frustration-the blocking of attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression (#10)

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16
Q

Functional fixedness

A

A cognitive bias that limits a person using an object only in the way it is traditionally used (#10)

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17
Q

Functionalism

A

The theory that all aspects of a society serve a function and are necessary for the survival of that society (#10)

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18
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition (#10)

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19
Q

Galton’s eugenics

A

A philosophy and a political movement that encouraged biologically superior people to interbreed and sought to discourage biologically inferior people from having offspring (#10)

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20
Q

Ganzfeld procedure

A

Laboratory procedure used to test powers of extrasensory perception by reducing the distractions of other sensory information (#10)

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21
Q

Erickson’s psychosocial development stages + critiques

A

The Awesome Iguana Could Import Icy Green Icepops (mnemonic)

Trust vs. mistrust
Initiative vs. guilt
Competence vs. inferiority
Identity vs. role confusion
Intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. stagnation
Integrity vs. despair
(#9)
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22
Q

Ethics of Testing Humans (aka APA guidelines)

1) Consent

A

An ethical principle that research participants must be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate (#9)

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23
Q

Ethics of Testing Humans (aka APA guidelines)

2)Confidential

A

Keeping Information about individual participants from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, loss or theft (#9)

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24
Q

Ethics of Testing Humans (aka APA guidelines)

3)Debrief

A

The play experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants (#9)

25
Q

Ethics of Testing Humans (aka APA guidelines)

4)No Harm

A

Protect the participants from pain and discomfort (#9)

26
Q

Enthocentrism

A

A tendency to use your own culture as the standard by which to judge and evaluate other cultures (#9)

27
Q

Expectancy theory

A

People choose to behave in certain ways because they are motivated by the results (or in most cases, rewards) they expect to get from those choices (#9)

28
Q

Extinction

A

The diminishing of a conditioned response. Occurs in operant conditioning when a response stops being reinforced. Occurs in CC when the US doesn’t follow a CS (#9)

29
Q

Extrovert

A

A person concerned primarily with the physical and social environment. Characterized as sociable, fun-loving, affectionate (#9)

30
Q

Eye parts-

Lens

A

The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina (#9)

31
Q

Eye parts-

Iris

A

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye and controls the size of the pupil opening (#9)

32
Q

Eye parts-

Pupil

A

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye thru which light enters. (Eye opening) (#9)

33
Q

Eye parts-

Retina Cones, Rods

A

Rods- retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray (good for twilight vision)

Cones- Retinal receptors that give rise to color sensations (function well in daylight)

(#9)

34
Q

Eye parts-

Bipolar cells

A

Part of the retina whose job is to transmit signals from the photoreceptors to ganglion cells (#9)

35
Q

Eye parts-

Ganglion cells

A

Part of retina who receives visual info from photoreceptors via bipolar cells and retina amacrine cells (#9)

36
Q

Facial feedback theory

A

The theory that facial muscle states trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness (#9)

37
Q

Factor analysis

A

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score (#9)

38
Q

Drive

A

Makes you want with an aroused tension state for a need (#8)

39
Q

Auditory canal

A

Location: connects the pinna and eardrum
Function: this tube transmits sound to the eardrum
(#8)

40
Q

Eardrum

A

Location: middle ear
Function: vibrates the tiny bones in car
(#8)

41
Q

Ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup)

A

Location: Middle ear
Function: concentrate vibrations of eardrum
(#8)

42
Q

Cochlea

A

Location: inner ear
Function: trigger neural impulses
(#8)

43
Q

Auditory nerve

A

Location: ear-brain
Function: send neural messages (via thalamus) to auditory cortex (temporal lobe) (#8)

44
Q

Echoic memory

A

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds (#8)

45
Q

Ego

A

Our consciousness of personality

Operates on reality principle) (#8

46
Q

Eidetic memory

A

Photographic memory (#8)

47
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Better for long-term; to remember info (#8)

48
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

Brief electric current in brain (for depression) (#8)

49
Q

Encoding failure

A

We don’t remember/forget (#8)

50
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine system’s most influential gland; under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other glands.
Organs: base of brain (ex-hypothalamus)
Hormones: controls other hormone secreting glands (master gland)
(#8)

51
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Organs: influences heart, brain, liver, kidneys, and skin (below Adam’s apple)
Hormones: thyroxine
(#8)

52
Q

Adrenal glands

A

A pair of endocrine glands that sit above kidneys and secrete hormones to arouse body in times of stress
Organs: kidneys and pancreas
Hormones: epinephrine and norepinephrine
(#8)

53
Q

Pancreas

A

Regulates levels of sugar in the blood
Organs: behind stomach with liver, spleen, and small intestine surrounding
Hormones: insulin, glucagon, etc.
(#8)

54
Q

Endorphins

A

“Morphine within”; natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure (#8)

55
Q

Epigenetics

A

The study of Influences on gene expression without a DNA change (#8)

56
Q

Episodic memory

A

Collect past experiences at time/place

57
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event (#8)

58
Q

Equity theory of relationships

A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it (#8)

The Psych Bible (8 decks)

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