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The Psych Bible > Pgs 24-26 > Flashcards

Pgs 24-26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Testable Hypothesis

A

a prediction often implied by a theory (#26)

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2
Q

Thalamus

A

the brains sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem (#26)

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3
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

A large gland that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism (#26)

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4
Q

tip of tongue

A

phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word from memory (#26)

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5
Q

token economy

A

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior that can later be exchanged for treats (#26)

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6
Q

Transduction

A

Conversion of one form of energy into another (#26)

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7
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance (#26)

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8
Q

Validity

A

Content: the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.

Predictive/Criterion: the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict. (#26)

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9
Q

Internal Validity

A

Refers to how well an experiment is done, especially whether it avoids confounding (#26)

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10
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

Responsible for the feeling of satiation or fullness after eating, in organisms (#26)

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11
Q

Vestibular sense

A

The sense of body movement and positions, including balance (#26)

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12
Q

Vicarious learning

A

Learning that is derived from indirect sources such as hearing or observation, rather than direct, hands-on instruction (#26)

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13
Q

Visual cliff

A

Laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals (#26)

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14
Q

Volley principle

A

suggest that the auditory neurons fire in the sequence increasing to a rapid series of impulses (#26)

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15
Q

Weber’s law

A

to be perceived as different, stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (#26)

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16
Q

Wearing, Clive

A

He lacks the ability to form new memories, and also cannot recall aspects of his last memories (#26)

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17
Q

Yerkes/Dodson

A

Performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point (#26)

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18
Q

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

A

Retina contains three different color receptors, when stimulated in combination, can produce perception of color (#26)

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19
Q

Social Desirability Bias

A

A type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others (#25)

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20
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

Theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs (#25)

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21
Q

Social facilitation

A

Stronger responses in simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others (#25)

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22
Q

Social inhibition

A

A conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction (#25)

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23
Q

Social loafing

A

Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable (#25)

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24
Q

Social trap

A

We harm our collective well-being by pursuing our personal interests (#25)

25
Q

Somatoform Disorders-

Somatization

A

A mental disorder characterized by recurring, multiple, and current, clinically significant complaints about somatic symptoms (#25)

26
Q

Somatoform Disorders-

Conversion

A

A mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot he explained by medical evaluation (#25)

27
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Receives all sensory input from the body (#25)

28
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished condition response (#25)

29
Q

Stanford Prison

A

The Stanford prison experiment was an attempt to investigate the psychological effects of perceived power, focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison officers (#25)

30
Q

Statistical significance

A

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance (#25)

31
Q

Stereotype

A

Generalized belief about a group of people (#25)

32
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

The tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned (#25)

33
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age (#25)

34
Q

Structuralism

A

The study of the elements of consciousness (#25)

35
Q

Superego

A

The voice of our moral compass (conscience) that forces the ego to consider not only the real but the ideal (#25)

36
Q

Surface sentence structure

A

An abstract syntactic representation of an utterance in the mind of the speaker, in which the elements of the sentence, having undergone transformation from deep structure, are represented structurally in the same linear order in which they will be pronounced after they pass through phonetic form (#25)

37
Q

Survey

A

Technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group (#25)

38
Q

Synthesis Activation

A

A neurobiological explanation of why we dream. Dreams are created by changes in neuron activity that activates the brainstem during REM sleep (#25)

39
Q

Systematic Densensitization

A

Type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli (#25)

40
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Belief in ones ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task (#24)

41
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When a person unknowingly causes a prediction to come true, due to the simple fact that he or she expects it to come true (#24)

42
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Readiness to perceive oneself favorably (#24)

43
Q

Semantic memory

A

A portion of long term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experience (#24)

44
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation (#24)

45
Q

Serial position effect

A

Our tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list (#24)

46
Q

Set point

A

The point where an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set (#24)

47
Q

Sex Characteristics

Primary vs. Secondary

A

Primary: sex- specific reproductive parts that allow us to tell from males to females (ex- Penis, Vagina)

Secondary: Non-reproductive sexual characteristics (ex- Adam’s apple, breasts)

(#24)

48
Q

Sexual vs. Gender identity

A

Sexual: how one thinks of one self in terms of who they are romantically attracted to

Gender: one’s own perception or sense of being male or female

(#24)

49
Q

Shaping

A

Operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations if the desired behavior (#24)

50
Q

Single-blind study

A

Procedure in which the researchers do not tell the participants if they are being given a test treatment or a control treatment (#24)

51
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise) (#24)

52
Q

Sleep brain waves-

Alpha

A

Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state (#24)

53
Q

Sleep brain waves-

Delta

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep (#24)

54
Q

Sleep disorders-

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep (#24)

55
Q

Sleep Disorders-

Narcolepsy

A

Uncontrollable sleep attacks, sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, medication to take it amphetamines (#24)

56
Q

Sleep Disorders-

Sleep apnea

A

Temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings (#24)

57
Q

Sleep Disorders-

Night Terrors

A

Characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified, occur during NREM-3 sleep (#24)

58
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context (#24)

The Psych Bible (8 decks)

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