Pg 178-192

Question 1

At what rib will the superior costotransverse ligament be absent?

Answer 1

the first rib

Question 2

What ligaments will attach to the neck of the twelfth rib?

Answer 2

the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1

Question 3

What unique ligament is present at the twelfth rib?

Answer 3

the lumbocostal ligament

Question 4

Which ribs will have an attachment for the inferior costotransverse bar?

Answer 4

rib 1-11

Question 5

At what rib will the inferior costotransverse ligament be absent?

Answer 5

the twelfth rib

Question 6

What is the name of the space between the transverse process and the neck of the rib?

Answer 6

the costotransverse foramen

Question 7

Which ligament “fills” the costotransverse foramen?

Answer 7

the inferior costotransverse ligament

Question 8

At what rib will the lateral costotransverse ligament be absent?

Answer 8

the twelfth rib

same as inferior

Question 9

Which vertebral couples of the thoracic spine have the greatest motion?

Answer 9

T11/T12 and T12/L1

Question 10

Which range of motion is the greatest for lower thoracic vertebral couples?

Answer 10

flexion-extension

Question 11

Which range of motion is the least for the lower thoracic vertebral couples?

Answer 11

one side axial rotation

Question 12

Based on current literature what common ligaments are absent at the lumbosacral joint?

Answer 12

ligamentum nuchae, interspinous ligament, and supraspinous ligament

Question 13

Which ligaments replace the intertransverse ligament at the lumbosacral joint?

Answer 13

the iliolumbar ligament and the lumbosacral ligament

Question 14

Which of the current ligaments from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the iliolumbar ligament of classical descriptions?

Answer 14

the superior iliolumbar ligament

Question 15

Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the lumbosacral ligament of classical descriptions?

Answer 15

the inferior iliolumbar ligament

Question 16

Which vertebral couple of the lumbar spine had the greatest range of motion?

Answer 16

L5/S1

Question 17

Which range of motion is the greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?

Answer 17

flexion-extension

Question 18

Which range of motion is the least for L1-L5 couples?

Answer 18

one side axial rotation

Question 19

Which range of motion is the least for the L5/S1 couple?

Answer 19

one side lateral bending

Question 20

Which joint classifications are present at the sacrococcygeal joint?

Answer 20

cartilaginous (amphi) symphysis and fibrous (amphi) syndesmosis

Question 21

What ligament represents the continuation of the ALL at the sacrococcygeal joint?

Answer 21

the anterior saccrococcygeal ligament

Question 22

List in order from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal column..

Answer 22

anterior atlanto-occipital
anterior atlanto-axial
ALL
anterior sacrococcygeal

Question 23

What ligaments represents the continuation of the PLL at the sacrococcygeal joint?

Answer 23

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 24

List in order from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal canal..

Answer 24

membrana tectoria
PLL
deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 25

List in order from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the posterior boundary of the spinal canal..

Answer 25

posterior atlanto-occipital posterior atlanto-axial ligamentum flavum superficial posterior sacrococcygeal

Question 26

What forms the closure for the spinal canal inferiorly?

Answer 26

the fusion of the deep posterior saccrococcygeal ligament with the superficial saccrococcygeal ligament

Question 27

What is the auricular surface of the sacrum composed of?

Answer 27

true articular cartilage, a modification of hyaline cartilage

Question 28

What is the auricular surface of the ilium composed of?

Answer 28

articular cartilage, interspersed with fibrocartilage

Question 29

What does degenerative arthrosis mean?

Answer 29

a condition of the degeneration of the joint, sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Question 30

What does ankylosis mean?

Answer 30

a condition of fibrous adhesion occurs within the joint

Question 31

What is the age of surface bis associated with degenerative arthrosis of the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 31

age 40, the iliac auricular surface

Question 32

What is the age of gender bis associated with the ankylosis of the sacro iliac joint?

Answer 32

age 50 and male bias particularly African American males

Question 33

What is the age and gender bias associated with ossification of the anterior sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 33

age 40 and male bias

Question 34

Which is the strongest sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 34

the interosseous sacroiliac ligament

Question 35

What are the attachment sites of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 35

at the sacral tuberosity and the iliac sulcus

Question 36

What passes between the layers of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 36

dorsal rami from the sacral spinal nerves

Question 37

What is formed by the continuation of the sacrotuberous ligament along the ischial ramus?

Answer 37

the falciform process

Question 38

What separates the greater sciatic and lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 38

the sacrospinous ligament

Question 39

Primary centers of ossification for the sternum first appear at what age?

Answer 39

fifth fetal month

Question 40

Syschondroses of the corpus stern will fuse together beginning with which sternabrae?

Answer 40

the lower sternabrae fuse first; they ossify in a caudal to cranial direction

Question 41

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the manubrium sterni?

Answer 41

T3-T4

Question 42

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the corpus sterni?

Answer 42

T5-T9

Question 43

How many sternabrae form the corpus sterni?

Answer 43

4

Question 44

What surface feature on the corpus sterni identifies the location of the synchondroses?

Answer 44

transverse lines

Question 45

What articluar sites for the costal cartilage of the ribs will be identified on the corpus sterni?

Answer 45

costal notches II-VII

Question 46

What feature of the corpus sterni is present in 4-7% of the population?

Answer 46

a sternal foramen

Question 47

What causes the appearance of the sternal foramen?

Answer 47

failure of the ossification centers of the sternum to fuse together correctly

Question 48

In what part of the rib will primary center of ossification appear?

Answer 48

the body (corpus, shaft)

Question 49

In what parts of the rib will secondary centers of ossification appear?

Answer 49

the head, articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle

Question 50

When do the primary centers of ossification appear in the rib?

Answer 50

during the second fetal month

Question 51

When do secondary centers of ossification appear in the rib?

Answer 51

during puberty

Question 52

Which ribs will demonstrate primary centers of ossification for the body? (corpus or shaft)

Answer 52

all ribs 1-12

Question 53

Which ribs will demonstrate secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 53

ribs 1-10

Ribs 11 and 12 lack secondary centers

Question 54

How does rib 1 differ in ossification centers from typical ribs?

Answer 54

rib 1 has 2 secondary centers of ossification: 1 for the head and 1 for the tubercle typical ribs have 3 secondary centers of ossification

Question 55

How does rib 10 differ in ossification centers from typical ribs?

Answer 55

rib 10 has 2 secondary centers of ossification: 1 for the head and 1 for the tubercle typical ribs have 3 secondary centers of ossification

Question 56

How do ribs 11 and 12 differ in ossification centers from typical ribs?

Answer 56

ribs 11 and 12 do not have any secondary centers of ossification

Question 57

What are the primary parts of the vertebral end of a typical rib?

Answer 57

the head, neck, and tubercle

Question 58

What is unique about the body of the first rib?

Answer 58

the body of the first rib is flattened and has a scalene tubercle flanked by the groove for the subclavian artery and the groove for the subclavian vein

Question 59

What unique feature is present on the body of the second rib?

Answer 59

the tuberosity of the serratus anterior

Question 60

What distinguishes the vertebral end of rib 11 from typical ribs?

Answer 60

the single articular surface, absence of well-developled crest on the neck and the tubercle may be absent or is present, consists only of a a non-articular surface

Question 61

What are the classifications of ribs 3-7 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 61

typical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and the vertebrosternal ribs

Question 62

What are the classifications of ribs 1 and 2 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 62

atypical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and the vertebrosternal ribs

Question 63

What are the classifications of ribs 8 and 9 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 63

typical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs

Question 64

What are the classifications of rib 10 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 64

atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs

Question 65

What are the classifications of ribs 11 and 12 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 65

atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebral ribs

Question 66

What is the joint classification of the costochondral joint?

Answer 66

cartilaginous (amphi) synchondrosis

Question 67

What is the classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 67

cartilaginous (amphi) synchondrosis

Question 68

What are the joint surfaces of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 68

the costal cartilage of the 1st rib and costal notch I of the manubrium sterni

Question 69

What ligaments are present at the 1st sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 69

none

Question 70

What is the classification of the 2nd-7th sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 70

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 71

Which of the sternocostal or sternochondral ligaments is unique to the 2nd sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 71

the intra-articular ligament