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Spinal Final Exam > Pg 178-192 > Flashcards

Pg 178-192 Flashcards

1
Q

At what rib will the superior costotransverse ligament be absent?

A

the first rib

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2
Q

What ligaments will attach to the neck of the twelfth rib?

A

the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1

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3
Q

What unique ligament is present at the twelfth rib?

A

the lumbocostal ligament

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4
Q

Which ribs will have an attachment for the inferior costotransverse bar?

A

rib 1-11

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5
Q

At what rib will the inferior costotransverse ligament be absent?

A

the twelfth rib

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6
Q

What is the name of the space between the transverse process and the neck of the rib?

A

the costotransverse foramen

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7
Q

Which ligament “fills” the costotransverse foramen?

A

the inferior costotransverse ligament

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8
Q

At what rib will the lateral costotransverse ligament be absent?

A

the twelfth rib

same as inferior

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9
Q

Which vertebral couples of the thoracic spine have the greatest motion?

A

T11/T12 and T12/L1

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10
Q

Which range of motion is the greatest for lower thoracic vertebral couples?

A

flexion-extension

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11
Q

Which range of motion is the least for the lower thoracic vertebral couples?

A

one side axial rotation

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12
Q

Based on current literature what common ligaments are absent at the lumbosacral joint?

A

ligamentum nuchae, interspinous ligament, and supraspinous ligament

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13
Q

Which ligaments replace the intertransverse ligament at the lumbosacral joint?

A

the iliolumbar ligament and the lumbosacral ligament

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14
Q

Which of the current ligaments from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the iliolumbar ligament of classical descriptions?

A

the superior iliolumbar ligament

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15
Q

Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the lumbosacral ligament of classical descriptions?

A

the inferior iliolumbar ligament

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16
Q

Which vertebral couple of the lumbar spine had the greatest range of motion?

A

L5/S1

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17
Q

Which range of motion is the greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?

A

flexion-extension

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18
Q

Which range of motion is the least for L1-L5 couples?

A

one side axial rotation

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19
Q

Which range of motion is the least for the L5/S1 couple?

A

one side lateral bending

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20
Q

Which joint classifications are present at the sacrococcygeal joint?

A

cartilaginous (amphi) symphysis and fibrous (amphi) syndesmosis

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21
Q

What ligament represents the continuation of the ALL at the sacrococcygeal joint?

A

the anterior saccrococcygeal ligament

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22
Q

List in order from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal column..

A

anterior atlanto-occipital
anterior atlanto-axial
ALL
anterior sacrococcygeal

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23
Q

What ligaments represents the continuation of the PLL at the sacrococcygeal joint?

A

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

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24
Q

List in order from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal canal..

A

membrana tectoria
PLL
deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

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25
Q

List in order from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the posterior boundary of the spinal canal..

A

posterior atlanto-occipital
posterior atlanto-axial
ligamentum flavum
superficial posterior sacrococcygeal

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26
Q

What forms the closure for the spinal canal inferiorly?

A

the fusion of the deep posterior saccrococcygeal ligament with the superficial saccrococcygeal ligament

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27
Q

What is the auricular surface of the sacrum composed of?

A

true articular cartilage, a modification of hyaline cartilage

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28
Q

What is the auricular surface of the ilium composed of?

A

articular cartilage, interspersed with fibrocartilage

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29
Q

What does degenerative arthrosis mean?

A

a condition of the degeneration of the joint, sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease (DJD)

30
Q

What does ankylosis mean?

A

a condition of fibrous adhesion occurs within the joint

31
Q

What is the age of surface bis associated with degenerative arthrosis of the sacroiliac joint?

A

age 40, the iliac auricular surface

32
Q

What is the age of gender bis associated with the ankylosis of the sacro iliac joint?

A

age 50 and male bias particularly African American males

33
Q

What is the age and gender bias associated with ossification of the anterior sacroiliac ligament?

A

age 40 and male bias

34
Q

Which is the strongest sacroiliac ligament?

A

the interosseous sacroiliac ligament

35
Q

What are the attachment sites of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?

A

at the sacral tuberosity and the iliac sulcus

36
Q

What passes between the layers of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?

A

dorsal rami from the sacral spinal nerves

37
Q

What is formed by the continuation of the sacrotuberous ligament along the ischial ramus?

A

the falciform process

38
Q

What separates the greater sciatic and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

the sacrospinous ligament

39
Q

Primary centers of ossification for the sternum first appear at what age?

A

fifth fetal month

40
Q

Syschondroses of the corpus stern will fuse together beginning with which sternabrae?

A

the lower sternabrae fuse first; they ossify in a caudal to cranial direction

41
Q

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the manubrium sterni?

A

T3-T4

42
Q

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the corpus sterni?

A

T5-T9

43
Q

How many sternabrae form the corpus sterni?

A

4

44
Q

What surface feature on the corpus sterni identifies the location of the synchondroses?

A

transverse lines

45
Q

What articluar sites for the costal cartilage of the ribs will be identified on the corpus sterni?

A

costal notches II-VII

46
Q

What feature of the corpus sterni is present in 4-7% of the population?

A

a sternal foramen

47
Q

What causes the appearance of the sternal foramen?

A

failure of the ossification centers of the sternum to fuse together correctly

48
Q

In what part of the rib will primary center of ossification appear?

A

the body (corpus, shaft)

49
Q

In what parts of the rib will secondary centers of ossification appear?

A

the head, articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle

50
Q

When do the primary centers of ossification appear in the rib?

A

during the second fetal month

51
Q

When do secondary centers of ossification appear in the rib?

A

during puberty

52
Q

Which ribs will demonstrate primary centers of ossification for the body? (corpus or shaft)

A

all ribs 1-12

53
Q

<p>Which ribs will demonstrate secondary centers of ossification?</p>

A

<p>ribs 1-10</p>

<p>Ribs 11 and 12 lack secondary centers</p>

54
Q

How does rib 1 differ in ossification centers from typical ribs?

A

rib 1 has 2 secondary centers of ossification: 1 for the head and 1 for the tubercle
typical ribs have 3 secondary centers of ossification

55
Q

How does rib 10 differ in ossification centers from typical ribs?

A

rib 10 has 2 secondary centers of ossification: 1 for the head and 1 for the tubercle
typical ribs have 3 secondary centers of ossification

56
Q

How do ribs 11 and 12 differ in ossification centers from typical ribs?

A

ribs 11 and 12 do not have any secondary centers of ossification

57
Q

What are the primary parts of the vertebral end of a typical rib?

A

the head, neck, and tubercle

58
Q

What is unique about the body of the first rib?

A

the body of the first rib is flattened and has a scalene tubercle flanked by the groove for the subclavian artery and the groove for the subclavian vein

59
Q

What unique feature is present on the body of the second rib?

A

the tuberosity of the serratus anterior

60
Q

What distinguishes the vertebral end of rib 11 from typical ribs?

A

the single articular surface, absence of well-developled crest on the neck and the tubercle may be absent or is present, consists only of a a non-articular surface

61
Q

What are the classifications of ribs 3-7 in the typical adult skeleton?

A

typical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and the vertebrosternal ribs

62
Q

What are the classifications of ribs 1 and 2 in the typical adult skeleton?

A

atypical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and the vertebrosternal ribs

63
Q

What are the classifications of ribs 8 and 9 in the typical adult skeleton?

A

typical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs

64
Q

What are the classifications of rib 10 in the typical adult skeleton?

A

atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs

65
Q

What are the classifications of ribs 11 and 12 in the typical adult skeleton?

A

atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebral ribs

66
Q

What is the joint classification of the costochondral joint?

A

cartilaginous (amphi) synchondrosis

67
Q

What is the classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

A

cartilaginous (amphi) synchondrosis

68
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

A

the costal cartilage of the 1st rib and costal notch I of the manubrium sterni

69
Q

What ligaments are present at the 1st sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

A

none

70
Q

What is the classification of the 2nd-7th sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

71
Q

Which of the sternocostal or sternochondral ligaments is unique to the 2nd sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

A

the intra-articular ligament

Spinal Final Exam (6 decks)

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