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Spinal Final Exam > 193-208 > Flashcards

193-208 Flashcards

1
Q

The capsular ligament is present at which interchondral joints?

A

6-9 interchondral joints

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2
Q

What is the classification of 6-9 interchondral joints?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

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3
Q

How many bones form neurocranium?

A

8

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4
Q

What bones form neurocranium?

A 
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid
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5
Q

How many bones form facial skeleton?

A

14

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6
Q

What bones form facial skeleton?

A 
mandible
vomer
nasal
maxilla
lacrimal
inferior nasal concha
palatine
zygomatic
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7
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures?

A

bregma

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8
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of lambdoid and sagittal sutures?

A

lambda

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9
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at intersection of frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

anterior fontanelle

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10
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane at intersection of occipital bone with parietal bones?

A

posterior fontanelle

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11
Q

What is the glabella?

A

elevation of bone over frontal sinus between the orbits

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12
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperature

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13
Q

What is the alveolar jugum?

A

part of mandible or maxilla covering the root of tooth exteriorly

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14
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of canine tooth in maxilla?

A

canine eminence

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15
Q

What forms bullet-like chin?

A

large mental protuberance

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16
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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17
Q

What is the name given to the midline posterior elevation at the back to the skull?

A

EOP

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18
Q

What is the tip of external occipital protuberance?

A

inion

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19
Q

What is the name of the linear elevation lateral to external occipital protuberance?

A

superior nuchal line

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20
Q

What is the appearance of suture intersections above the zygomatic arch called?

A

pterion

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21
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

temporal
sphenoid
frontal

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22
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

A

nasion
vertex
inion
gnathion

23
Q

What points on skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

nasion
vertex
inion

24
Q

What is the posterior boundary of anterior cranial fossa?

A

a line drawn along lesser wing of sphenoid, anterior clinoid processes and sphenoidal jugum

25
Q

What is contained in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal poles of frontal lobes of cerebrum and olfactory bulb

26
Q

The olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

27
Q

What are the contents of superior orbital fissure?

A 
ophthalmic veins
oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
abducent nerve
28
Q

What cranial nerves are located within the superior orbital fissure?

A

cranial nerves III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), Va (ophthalmic division of trigeminal), and VI (abducent)

29
Q

What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?

A

unlike other artery-vein combinations they will not share the same opening of ophthalmic artery is in the optic canal, ophthalmic veins are in the superior orbital fissure

30
Q

What are the contents of foramen oval?

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

31
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A

nervus spinosus from mandibular division of trigeminal nerve and middle meningeal artery

32
Q

What bones converge to form the foramen lacerum?

A

temporal
sphenoid
occipital

33
Q

What are the contents of the foramen lacerum?

A

internal carotid artery
carotid sympathetic nerve plexus
venous plexus

34
Q

What forms the roof of posterior cranial fossa?

A

tentorium cerebelli

35
Q

What part of CNS occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

cerebellum
pons
medulla oblongata

36
Q

Which ostia will allow exit from the posterior cranial fossa?

A 
foramen magnum
internal acoustic meatus
jugular foramen
hypoglossal canal
condylar canal
37
Q

What are the contents of internal acoustic meatus?

A

cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve)
nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII
vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII
internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

38
Q

What are the contents of jugular foramen?

A

jugular bulb
inferior petrosal sinus
tympanic body/tympanic gloms or jugular body/jugular glomus
cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory)

39
Q

What is the name of the venous expansion between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the internal jugular vein?

A

jugular bulb

40
Q

What is the function of the tympanic body/tympanic glomus?

A

chemoreceptive organ- which monitors hypoxia, hypercapnia and increases in hydrogen ion

41
Q

What are the contents of condylar canal?

A

emissary vein connecting sigmoid dural venous sinus and vertebral venous plexus

42
Q

What can the 5 layers of scalp spell?

A 
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
periosteum
(SCALP)
43
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

internal and external carotid artery branches

44
Q

What branches of external carotid artery ramify in the scalp?

A

occipital
posterior auricular
superficial temporal arteries
(OPS)

45
Q

What location will each branch of the 5th cranial pass into upon exit from the middle cranial fossa?

A

ophthalmic nerve-orbit
maxillary nerve-pterygopalatine region
mandibular nerve-infratemporal region

46
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory info from the scalp?

A

all 3 divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves

47
Q

What nerve(s) and cord levels of origin to the cervical plexus supply the scalp?

A

greater auricular nerve- C2 C3 ventral rami branches

lesser occipital nerve- C2 (C3) ventral rami branches

48
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?

A

greater occipital nerve- C2 C3 communicating ramus

49
Q

What nerve(s) provide motor innervation to the scalp?

A

facial nerve branches

50
Q

What is the embryonic origin of skeletal muscles innervated by the facial nerve?

A

skeletal muscle is derived from branchial arches hence branchial efferent

51
Q

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

A

muscular component of scalp

52
Q

What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?

A

frontalis and occipitalis bellies of epicranius muscle

53
Q

The bellies of epicranius muscles are connected by what structure?

A

galea aponeurotica

Spinal Final Exam (6 decks)

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