Petroleum Engineering Flashcards
Diesel used in naval applications has a minimum cetane number of
45
tests is not done for transformer oil
Aniline point.
Pick out the wrong statement about the smoking tendency of various hydrocarbon constituents of kerosene.
Smoking tendency of paraffins increases with decrease in its molecular weight.
most undesirable component in kerosene
Aromatics
Solvent used in duo-sol extraction for lube oil upgradation is a mixture of
propane & phenol-cresol mixture.
fractions of a crude oil will have the maximum gravity
Gasoline
For gasoline, the flash point (<50°C) is determined by the
Abel apparatus.
Maximum sulphur percentage in low sulphur heavy stock (LSHS) furnace oil is about
1
Flash point of atmospheric distillation residue is determined by __________ apparates.
Cleveland (open cup type)
Pour point and freezing point is equal for
water
Smoke point of a test sample of kerosene is found to be 15 mm. On removal of __________ from it, the smoke point rises to 25 mm.
aromatics
__________ is not an important refinery process for upgrading the quality of lubricating oil.
Deoiling
the undesirable property for a solvent meant for dewaxing of lube oil.
Both (a) and (b).
Casing head gasoline is the liquid
gasoline separated from wet natural gas by compression.
the following is used as a catalyst in fluidized bed catalytic cracking
All (a), (b) and (c)
Most commonly used crude heater before the fractionation tower in a refinery is the __________ heater.
pipestill
Viscosity index of a lubricating oil
is the measure of variation of viscosity with temperature.
Visbreaking process is used mainly for making
fuel oil
Crude oil is pumped by a __________ pump.
centrifugal
Solvent used in the de-asphalting process is
propane
A good lubricant should have high
viscosity index
The main use of heavy gas oil produced by the vacuum distillation unit is as a
feedstock for fluid catalytic cracking unit.
Complete removal of __________ from gasoline is done by Unisol process using caustic soda and methyl alcohol.
mercaptans
Stabilization of gasoline (petrol) means
removal of dissolved gases from it.
In petroleum refining, the process used for conversion of hydrocarbons to aromatics is
catalytic reforming
Catalyst used in catalytic reforming is
platinum on alumina
Cetane number of diesel used in trucks may be about
50
Tanks used for the storage of petroleum products (which are inflammable) should be painted with a __________ paint.
white
__________ test is done to find out the softening point of bitumen.
Ball and ring
the following has the lowest viscosity (at a given temperature) of all
Naphtha
__________ determination is not a very significant and important test for gasoline.
Viscosity
the additive property of a lube oil out of following.
°API gravity
Paraffin base crude oil as compared to asphalt base crude gives
higher yield of straight run gasoline.
Mercaptans are
all (a), (b) and (c)
Octane number of gasoline is a measure of its
resistance to knock
Diesel index.(an alternative index for expressing the quality of diesel) is
equal to cetane number plus 3.
True boiling point apparatus is used for the
evaluation of oil stocks.
In the atmospheric pressure crude distillation, the content of __________ from lighter fraction to heavier ones.
Sulphur increases
Catalytic desulphurization process used for sweetening of straight run gasoline and kerosene uses __________ as catalyst.
all (a), (b) & (c)
Furfural solvent extraction is used for upgrading (by dissolving aromatics)
lubricating oils
Illuminating characteristics of kerosene is expressed by its
luminosity number
Flash point of an oil gives an idea of the
all (a), (b) and (c).
The coking process normally mostly used in Indian oil refineries is the __________ coking process.
delayed
constituents present in petroleum is responsible for ash formation
Sulphur compounds
Solution used in Doctor’s treatment for the removal of mercaptans is
sodium plumbite
__________ converts n-paraffins to i-paraffins.
Isomerization
The octane number of aviation gasoline may be
> 100
The colour of gasoline is an indication of its
gum forming tendency & thoroughness of refining.
Presence of aromatics in
petrol increases its octane number.
Flash point of motor gasoline may be around __________ °C.
45
Choose the correct statement regarding thermal cracking.
Greater depth of cracking gives lower octane number gasoline.
A typical yield of diesel in straight run distillation of crude oil may be about __________ percent
8
Testing of the knocking characteristics of petrofuels is done in a __________ engine.
CFR (Co-operative fuel research)
almost absent in crude petroleum
Olefins
Olefins are
none of these.
Pick out the wrong statement.
Higher temperature is employed in visbreaking than in thermal cracking.
Phenols are added in gasoline to
Phenols are added in gasoline to
The average boiling point of aviation turbine fuel is closest to that of
Kerosene
The pressure (kg/cm2 ) and temperature (°C) maintained in electrical desalters for crude oil are respectively
10 and 120
desirable in diesel and kerosene but is undesirable in gasoline
Paraffins
Name the hydrocarbon having the poorest oxidation stability.
aromatics
Solvent used for dewaxing of petroleum products are
both(b)&(c)
Deoiling of wax is done by its
both(b)&(c)
Crude oil is transported inland from oil field to refineries, mainly by the
underground pipelines
The most widely used crude topping column in refineries is the __________ column.
bubble-cap
Molecular weight of crude petroleum may be around
250
Preheating temperature of medium viscosity furnace oil for better atomization through burner is about __________ °C.
90
Mercaptans is represented as (where R and R’ are alkyl groups)
R-S-H
Petrolatum is
a mixture of microcrystalline wax in viscous hydrocarbon liquids.
Electrical desalting of crude oil removes the __________ impurities.
oleophobic
An upper limit of oil content is limited to about __________ percent for achieving efficient and satisfactory level of wax sweating.
40
Naphthenic acid is a/an __________ compound.
oxygen
Glycol added to petrol acts as a/an __________ agent.
anti-icing
used to determine the color of petroleum products
Colour comparator
Catalytic cracking compared to thermal cracking of residue of vacuum distillation of crude oil
gives higher yield of petrol
Pick out the wrong statement.
Catalytic cracking is endothermic, but the regeneration of catalyst is exothermic.
Feedstock for the production of biodiesel is
used vegetable oils
The proper arrangement of the petroleum fractions in order of their boiling points is
lubricating oil > diesel > petrol > LPG
Pick out the wrong statement.
Aromatics have lower specific gravity than corresponding paraffins.
Octane number of gasoline produced by two stage fluidized catalytic cracking process is
97
Solvent deoiling process is used for separating oil and soft wax from hard wax. Methyl iso-butyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) are two commonly used deoiling solvents. Use of former as the deoiling solvent has the advantages of the
all (a), (b) & (c).
Though increased pressure has a retarding effect on cracking reaction, yet in actual process, a positive pressure of 10-15 kgf/cm2 is maintained during cracking mainly to
suppress coke formation.
Sulphur content in lighter and heavier petroleum products is generally determined respectively by
bomb method and lamp method.
Equal volumes of aniline and diesel oil when mixed at room temperature (during summer) was found to be completely miscible. It means that the aniline point of the diesel is __________ the room temperature.
same as
Refractive index of a petrofuel which is the ratio of velocity of light in air to its velocity in the petrofuel gives an indication if its
molecular weight
both a & b
Catalyst used in catalytic polymerization which produces polymer gasoline is
both (a) and (b)
Butadiene is a/an
di-olefin
Antioxidants are added in petrol to
minimize the gum formation.
Gum formation in stored gasoline is mainly due to the
oxidation & polymerization of unsaturated.
categories of gasoline has the highest lead susceptibility
Straight run gasoline
Flash point of an oil is determined by the
Pensky Martens apparatus.
Ramsbottom apparatus.
Gasoline extracted from natural gas (by compression and cooling) is called the __________ gasoline
unleaded
De-aromatization of kerosene (by liquid Sulphur dioxide extraction) is done to
improve its oxidation stability.
During electrical desalting of crude oil, the electrical conductivity of a mixture of crude oil and water (which ranges between 3 to 8% water) __________ with increase in the amount of water.
increases
Higher viscosity of lubricating oil usually signifies
higher flash point and fire point
the highest gum forming tendency in gasoline
Diolefins
Straight run naphtha is converted into high octane number petrol (gasoline) by catalytic
Reforming
the following processes in oil refinery does not employ ‘cracking’
None of these
used as a solvent in deasphalting of petroleum products ?
Propane
Aniline point test of an oil qualitatively indicates the __________ content of an oil.
aromatic
Bottom product of atmospheric pressure crude oil distillation column is termed as
reduced crude
Penetration test determines the __________ of the grease.
stiffness
Fuel oil is subjected to visbreaking to reduce its
all (a), (b) and (c)
most desirable component of a good quality kerosene
n-paraffins
The reservoir rock containing petroleum has
both (b) and (c)
hydrofining catalytic desulphurization process for sweetening of petroleum products, use of hydrogen
both (a) and (b).
Doctor’s solution used for sweetening of petroleum products is
Sodium plumbite
Smoke point of kerosene expresses its
burning characteristics.
The characterization factor of a crude oil is calculated as 12.5. It means that; it is
paraffinic
Deoiling is the process of removal of oil from wax. It is done by the __________ process.
all (a), (b) & (c)
The yield of straight run LPG from crude oil is about __________ weight percent.
1-1.5
Mercaptans are added to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to
assist in checking its leakage from cylinder.
Smoke volatility index is equal to smoke point plus
0.42 x(% distilled at 204°C)
he highest octane number
Aromatics
the most effective catalyst used in catalytic cracking of petroleum products
Zeolite
The catalytic cracking of heavier petroleum fraction is done to produce mainly
diesel oil
Carbon/hydrogen ratio (by weight) is maximum (out of following) for
gasoline
Choose the correct statement.
Branched chain paraffins have higher octane number than straight chain paraffins with same number of carbon atoms
Maximum use of petroleum coke is in
carbon electrode manufacture.
Specific gravity of a petroleum product gives an indication of its
hydrocarbon content type (aromatic or paraffinic).
Catalyst used in the catalytic cracking is
silica-alumina
Pick out the wrong statement.
Heavier petrofuels have higher GCV on weight basis (i.e., Kcal/kg) but lower GCV on volume basis (i.e., Kcal/litre).
Liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG) used for the household cooking comprises mainly of
propane & butane
The doctor’s solution comprises of sodium plumbite in
aqueous caustic soda
commonly used feed stock for the reforming reactor is
straight run gasoline
hydrocarbons of same carbon atoms has minimum smoking tendency
Paraffins
Petroleum is believed to have originated from __________ sources.
both (a) and (b)
has the lowest flash point of all
Petrol
LSHS is a type of furnace oil, which
all (a), (b) and (c).
Hydrofining is the most recent and effective method for the
removal of Sulphur.
Main boring diameter for petroleum well is 20-30 cms in diameter, while the depth of the oil well may be about __________ kms.
1.5 to 4.5
Cetane number of high speed diesel must be ≥
45
Isomerization converts the __________ tot-paraffins.
paraffins
Straight run petrol as compared to methyl/ethyl alcohol has
lower octane number.
Crude oil is subjected to vacuum distillation in the last stage, because
high boiling point products like heavy fuel oil & lubricating oils are heat sensitive and may decompose.
Operating temperature and pressure in catalytic reforming is about
15-45 Kgf/cm2 & 450-550°C.
With increase in density, the viscosity of petroleum products
increases
Detergent is added as an additive in engine lubricating oil to
reduce deposit formation.
Removal of light fractions from crude oil is called its
stabilization
Petroleum
is optically active.
A petroleum well is called ‘dry’, if it contains
only natural gas.
Pick out the wrong statement.
The most ideal feedstock for thermal reforming is dearomatized kerosene.
Aniline point is the
both (a) and (b).
Hydrogen percentage (by weight) in crude petroleum may be about
15
an additive used for improving the cetane number of diesel
Tetraethyl lead
Tetra-ethyl lead is added in gasoline to
Increase its octane number.
Aromatics are desired constituents of
petrol
In a refinery petroleum crude is fractionated into gas fraction, light ends, intermediate distillates, heavy distillates, residues and by products. The group of products including gas oil, diesel oil and heavy fuel oil belongs to the fraction
heavy distillates
Crude topping column operates at __________ pressure.
atmospheric
Octane number (unleaded) of gasoline produced by isomerization of butane may be about
70
Feedstock for polymerization is
cracked gases rich in C2 & C4 olefins.
Pick out the correct statement pertaining to catalytic cracking.
all (a), (b) and (c).
a naphthene
Cyclohexane
the specific gravity of petroleum products indicates
decrease in paraffin content.
With increase in the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules, the density of petroleum products
increases
Smoke point of a good burning kerosene may be around __________ mm.
20-25
the following processes is used for the production of petroleum coke
Cracking
Quinoline is a/an __________ compound.
nitrogen
Flash point of diesel/kerosene (>50°C) is determined by the
Pensky-Martens apparatus
Visbreaking
produces fuel oil of lower viscosity.
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a high octane (octane no. = 115) gasoline blending component is produced by the simple additive reaction of isobutylene with
methyl alcohol
Cetane number of alpha methyl naphthalene is assumed to be
0
The main purpose of recycling the byproduct hydrogen gas in the reformer reactor is to
sustain the reactor pressure.
LPG when brought to atmospheric pressure & temperature will be a
gas heavier than air.
True vapour pressure of a petroleum fraction __________ Reid vapour pressure.
is more than
Sour crude means the __________ bearing crude.
sulphur compounds
The general formula of naphthenes is
ame as that for olefins i.e. CnH2n
Hydrocracking employs
high pressure & temperature.
The main aim of cracking is to produce
gasoline
The order of preference for feedstock to a catalytic reformer is
coking naphtha - virgin naphtha - catalytic naphtha.
Which of the following has the highest flash point of all ?
Furnace oil
‘Solvent naphtha’ used mostly as a solvent in paints and perfumery is produced by the __________ of virgin naphtha into small boiling range cuts.
distillation
The characterization factor of crude petroleum oil is around
11
the most widely used cracking process in oil refineries
Fluidized bed catalytic cracking process.
The amount of tetraethyl lead added to improve the octane number of motor gasoline is around __________ c.c per gallon of petrol.
3
Catalyst used in the catalytic polymerization is
phosphoric acid on kieselghur
Petroleum liquid fuels having flash point greater than 66°C is considered as safe during storage and handling. Which of the following has flash point > 66°C ?
Heavy fuel oil
Paraffins are desirable in lubricating oil, as it has got high
smoke point
undesirable in the production of catalytically reformed gasoline
Dehydrogenation of lower paraffins
The most suitable solvent for deasphalting vacuum residue is
methyl ethyl ketone
The solvent used in Barisol dewaxing process is
benzol and ethylene dichloride
Cetane number of a diesel fuel is the measure of its
Ignition delay
Thermoform catalytic cracking process is a __________ process.
non-catalytic
