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Petroleum Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Diesel used in naval applications has a minimum cetane number of

A

45

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2
Q

tests is not done for transformer oil

A

Aniline point.

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3
Q

Pick out the wrong statement about the smoking tendency of various hydrocarbon constituents of kerosene.

A

Smoking tendency of paraffins increases with decrease in its molecular weight.

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3
Q

most undesirable component in kerosene

A

Aromatics

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4
Q

Solvent used in duo-sol extraction for lube oil upgradation is a mixture of

A

propane & phenol-cresol mixture.

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4
Q

fractions of a crude oil will have the maximum gravity

A

Gasoline

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5
Q

For gasoline, the flash point (<50°C) is determined by the

A

Abel apparatus.

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6
Q

Maximum sulphur percentage in low sulphur heavy stock (LSHS) furnace oil is about

A

1

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6
Q

Flash point of atmospheric distillation residue is determined by __________ apparates.

A

Cleveland (open cup type)

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7
Q

Pour point and freezing point is equal for

A

water

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8
Q

Smoke point of a test sample of kerosene is found to be 15 mm. On removal of __________ from it, the smoke point rises to 25 mm.

A

aromatics

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9
Q

__________ is not an important refinery process for upgrading the quality of lubricating oil.

A

Deoiling

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10
Q

the undesirable property for a solvent meant for dewaxing of lube oil.

A

Both (a) and (b).

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11
Q

Casing head gasoline is the liquid

A

gasoline separated from wet natural gas by compression.

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11
Q

the following is used as a catalyst in fluidized bed catalytic cracking

A

All (a), (b) and (c)

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12
Q

Most commonly used crude heater before the fractionation tower in a refinery is the __________ heater.

A

pipestill

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12
Q

Viscosity index of a lubricating oil

A

is the measure of variation of viscosity with temperature.

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13
Q

Visbreaking process is used mainly for making

A

fuel oil

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14
Q

Crude oil is pumped by a __________ pump.

A

centrifugal

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15
Q

Solvent used in the de-asphalting process is

A

propane

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16
Q

A good lubricant should have high

A

viscosity index

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17
Q

The main use of heavy gas oil produced by the vacuum distillation unit is as a

A

feedstock for fluid catalytic cracking unit.

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17
Q

Complete removal of __________ from gasoline is done by Unisol process using caustic soda and methyl alcohol.

A

mercaptans

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18
Q

Stabilization of gasoline (petrol) means

A

removal of dissolved gases from it.

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19
Q

In petroleum refining, the process used for conversion of hydrocarbons to aromatics is

A

catalytic reforming

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20
Q

Catalyst used in catalytic reforming is

A

platinum on alumina

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20
Q

Cetane number of diesel used in trucks may be about

A

50

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20
Q

Tanks used for the storage of petroleum products (which are inflammable) should be painted with a __________ paint.

A

white

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20
Q

__________ test is done to find out the softening point of bitumen.

A

Ball and ring

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21
Q

the following has the lowest viscosity (at a given temperature) of all

A

Naphtha

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21
Q

__________ determination is not a very significant and important test for gasoline.

A

Viscosity

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22
Q

the additive property of a lube oil out of following.

A

°API gravity

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22
Q

Paraffin base crude oil as compared to asphalt base crude gives

A

higher yield of straight run gasoline.

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22
Q

Mercaptans are

A

all (a), (b) and (c)

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23
Q

Octane number of gasoline is a measure of its

A

resistance to knock

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23
Q

Diesel index.(an alternative index for expressing the quality of diesel) is

A

equal to cetane number plus 3.

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24
Q

True boiling point apparatus is used for the

A

evaluation of oil stocks.

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24
Q

In the atmospheric pressure crude distillation, the content of __________ from lighter fraction to heavier ones.

A

Sulphur increases

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24
Q

Catalytic desulphurization process used for sweetening of straight run gasoline and kerosene uses __________ as catalyst.

A

all (a), (b) & (c)

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25
Q

Furfural solvent extraction is used for upgrading (by dissolving aromatics)

A

lubricating oils

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25
Q

Illuminating characteristics of kerosene is expressed by its

A

luminosity number

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25
Q

Flash point of an oil gives an idea of the

A

all (a), (b) and (c).

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25
Q

The coking process normally mostly used in Indian oil refineries is the __________ coking process.

A

delayed

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26
Q

constituents present in petroleum is responsible for ash formation

A

Sulphur compounds

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26
Q

Solution used in Doctor’s treatment for the removal of mercaptans is

A

sodium plumbite

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27
Q

__________ converts n-paraffins to i-paraffins.

A

Isomerization

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27
Q

The octane number of aviation gasoline may be

A

> 100

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27
Q

The colour of gasoline is an indication of its

A

gum forming tendency & thoroughness of refining.

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27
Q

Presence of aromatics in

A

petrol increases its octane number.

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27
Q

Flash point of motor gasoline may be around __________ °C.

A

45

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27
Q

Choose the correct statement regarding thermal cracking.

A

Greater depth of cracking gives lower octane number gasoline.

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28
Q

A typical yield of diesel in straight run distillation of crude oil may be about __________ percent

A

8

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28
Q

Testing of the knocking characteristics of petrofuels is done in a __________ engine.

A

CFR (Co-operative fuel research)

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29
Q

almost absent in crude petroleum

A

Olefins

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29
Q

Olefins are

A

none of these.

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29
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.

A

Higher temperature is employed in visbreaking than in thermal cracking.

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30
Q

Phenols are added in gasoline to

A

Phenols are added in gasoline to

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30
Q

The average boiling point of aviation turbine fuel is closest to that of

A

Kerosene

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30
Q

The pressure (kg/cm2 ) and temperature (°C) maintained in electrical desalters for crude oil are respectively

A

10 and 120

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30
Q

desirable in diesel and kerosene but is undesirable in gasoline

A

Paraffins

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31
Q

Name the hydrocarbon having the poorest oxidation stability.

A

aromatics

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31
Q

Solvent used for dewaxing of petroleum products are

A

both(b)&(c)

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31
Q

Deoiling of wax is done by its

A

both(b)&(c)

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32
Q

Crude oil is transported inland from oil field to refineries, mainly by the

A

underground pipelines

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32
Q

The most widely used crude topping column in refineries is the __________ column.

A

bubble-cap

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32
Q

Molecular weight of crude petroleum may be around

A

250

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32
Q

Preheating temperature of medium viscosity furnace oil for better atomization through burner is about __________ °C.

A

90

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33
Q

Mercaptans is represented as (where R and R’ are alkyl groups)

A

R-S-H

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33
Q

Petrolatum is

A

a mixture of microcrystalline wax in viscous hydrocarbon liquids.

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33
Q

Electrical desalting of crude oil removes the __________ impurities.

A

oleophobic

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33
Q

An upper limit of oil content is limited to about __________ percent for achieving efficient and satisfactory level of wax sweating.

A

40

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34
Q

Naphthenic acid is a/an __________ compound.

A

oxygen

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35
Q

Glycol added to petrol acts as a/an __________ agent.

A

anti-icing

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35
Q

used to determine the color of petroleum products

A

Colour comparator

36
Q

Catalytic cracking compared to thermal cracking of residue of vacuum distillation of crude oil

A

gives higher yield of petrol

36
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.

A

Catalytic cracking is endothermic, but the regeneration of catalyst is exothermic.

36
Q

Feedstock for the production of biodiesel is

A

used vegetable oils

37
Q

The proper arrangement of the petroleum fractions in order of their boiling points is

A

lubricating oil > diesel > petrol > LPG

37
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.

A

Aromatics have lower specific gravity than corresponding paraffins.

37
Q

Octane number of gasoline produced by two stage fluidized catalytic cracking process is

A

97

37
Q

Solvent deoiling process is used for separating oil and soft wax from hard wax. Methyl iso-butyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) are two commonly used deoiling solvents. Use of former as the deoiling solvent has the advantages of the

A

all (a), (b) & (c).

38
Q

Though increased pressure has a retarding effect on cracking reaction, yet in actual process, a positive pressure of 10-15 kgf/cm2 is maintained during cracking mainly to

A

suppress coke formation.

38
Q

Sulphur content in lighter and heavier petroleum products is generally determined respectively by

A

bomb method and lamp method.

39
Q

Equal volumes of aniline and diesel oil when mixed at room temperature (during summer) was found to be completely miscible. It means that the aniline point of the diesel is __________ the room temperature.

A

same as

39
Q

Refractive index of a petrofuel which is the ratio of velocity of light in air to its velocity in the petrofuel gives an indication if its
molecular weight

A

both a & b

40
Q

Catalyst used in catalytic polymerization which produces polymer gasoline is

A

both (a) and (b)

40
Q

Butadiene is a/an

A

di-olefin

40
Q

Antioxidants are added in petrol to

A

minimize the gum formation.

41
Q

Gum formation in stored gasoline is mainly due to the

A

oxidation & polymerization of unsaturated.

41
Q

categories of gasoline has the highest lead susceptibility

A

Straight run gasoline

41
Q

Flash point of an oil is determined by the

A

Pensky Martens apparatus.
Ramsbottom apparatus.

42
Q

Gasoline extracted from natural gas (by compression and cooling) is called the __________ gasoline

A

unleaded

43
Q

De-aromatization of kerosene (by liquid Sulphur dioxide extraction) is done to

A

improve its oxidation stability.

43
Q

During electrical desalting of crude oil, the electrical conductivity of a mixture of crude oil and water (which ranges between 3 to 8% water) __________ with increase in the amount of water.

A

increases

44
Q

Higher viscosity of lubricating oil usually signifies

A

higher flash point and fire point

44
Q

the highest gum forming tendency in gasoline

A

Diolefins

44
Q

Straight run naphtha is converted into high octane number petrol (gasoline) by catalytic

A

Reforming

45
Q

the following processes in oil refinery does not employ ‘cracking’

A

None of these

45
Q

used as a solvent in deasphalting of petroleum products ?

A

Propane

46
Q

Aniline point test of an oil qualitatively indicates the __________ content of an oil.

A

aromatic

46
Q

Bottom product of atmospheric pressure crude oil distillation column is termed as

A

reduced crude

46
Q

Penetration test determines the __________ of the grease.

A

stiffness

47
Q

Fuel oil is subjected to visbreaking to reduce its

A

all (a), (b) and (c)

47
Q

most desirable component of a good quality kerosene

A

n-paraffins

47
Q

The reservoir rock containing petroleum has

A

both (b) and (c)

47
Q

hydrofining catalytic desulphurization process for sweetening of petroleum products, use of hydrogen

A

both (a) and (b).

48
Q

Doctor’s solution used for sweetening of petroleum products is

A

Sodium plumbite

48
Q

Smoke point of kerosene expresses its

A

burning characteristics.

48
Q

The characterization factor of a crude oil is calculated as 12.5. It means that; it is

A

paraffinic

48
Q

Deoiling is the process of removal of oil from wax. It is done by the __________ process.

A

all (a), (b) & (c)

48
Q

The yield of straight run LPG from crude oil is about __________ weight percent.

A

1-1.5

48
Q

Mercaptans are added to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to

A

assist in checking its leakage from cylinder.

48
Q

Smoke volatility index is equal to smoke point plus

A

0.42 x(% distilled at 204°C)

49
Q

he highest octane number

A

Aromatics

49
Q

the most effective catalyst used in catalytic cracking of petroleum products

A

Zeolite

49
Q

The catalytic cracking of heavier petroleum fraction is done to produce mainly

A

diesel oil

49
Q

Carbon/hydrogen ratio (by weight) is maximum (out of following) for

A

gasoline

49
Q

Choose the correct statement.

A

Branched chain paraffins have higher octane number than straight chain paraffins with same number of carbon atoms

49
Q

Maximum use of petroleum coke is in

A

carbon electrode manufacture.

50
Q

Specific gravity of a petroleum product gives an indication of its

A

hydrocarbon content type (aromatic or paraffinic).

50
Q

Catalyst used in the catalytic cracking is

A

silica-alumina

50
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.

A

Heavier petrofuels have higher GCV on weight basis (i.e., Kcal/kg) but lower GCV on volume basis (i.e., Kcal/litre).

50
Q

Liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG) used for the household cooking comprises mainly of

A

propane & butane

50
Q

The doctor’s solution comprises of sodium plumbite in

A

aqueous caustic soda

51
Q

commonly used feed stock for the reforming reactor is

A

straight run gasoline

51
Q

hydrocarbons of same carbon atoms has minimum smoking tendency

A

Paraffins

51
Q

Petroleum is believed to have originated from __________ sources.

A

both (a) and (b)

51
Q

has the lowest flash point of all

A

Petrol

51
Q

LSHS is a type of furnace oil, which

A

all (a), (b) and (c).

52
Q

Hydrofining is the most recent and effective method for the

A

removal of Sulphur.

52
Q

Main boring diameter for petroleum well is 20-30 cms in diameter, while the depth of the oil well may be about __________ kms.

A

1.5 to 4.5

52
Q

Cetane number of high speed diesel must be ≥

A

45

52
Q

Isomerization converts the __________ tot-paraffins.

A

paraffins

52
Q

Straight run petrol as compared to methyl/ethyl alcohol has

A

lower octane number.

52
Q

Crude oil is subjected to vacuum distillation in the last stage, because

A

high boiling point products like heavy fuel oil & lubricating oils are heat sensitive and may decompose.

53
Q

Operating temperature and pressure in catalytic reforming is about

A

15-45 Kgf/cm2 & 450-550°C.

53
Q

With increase in density, the viscosity of petroleum products

A

increases

53
Q

Detergent is added as an additive in engine lubricating oil to

A

reduce deposit formation.

54
Q

Removal of light fractions from crude oil is called its

A

stabilization

54
Q

Petroleum

A

is optically active.

54
Q

A petroleum well is called ‘dry’, if it contains

A

only natural gas.

54
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.

A

The most ideal feedstock for thermal reforming is dearomatized kerosene.

54
Q

Aniline point is the

A

both (a) and (b).

55
Q

Hydrogen percentage (by weight) in crude petroleum may be about

A

15

55
Q

an additive used for improving the cetane number of diesel

A

Tetraethyl lead

55
Q

Tetra-ethyl lead is added in gasoline to

A

Increase its octane number.

56
Q

Aromatics are desired constituents of

A

petrol

56
Q

In a refinery petroleum crude is fractionated into gas fraction, light ends, intermediate distillates, heavy distillates, residues and by products. The group of products including gas oil, diesel oil and heavy fuel oil belongs to the fraction

A

heavy distillates

56
Q

Crude topping column operates at __________ pressure.

A

atmospheric

56
Q

Octane number (unleaded) of gasoline produced by isomerization of butane may be about

A

70

56
Q

Feedstock for polymerization is

A

cracked gases rich in C2 & C4 olefins.

57
Q

Pick out the correct statement pertaining to catalytic cracking.

A

all (a), (b) and (c).

58
Q

a naphthene

A

Cyclohexane

58
Q

the specific gravity of petroleum products indicates

A

decrease in paraffin content.

58
Q

With increase in the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules, the density of petroleum products

A

increases

58
Q

Smoke point of a good burning kerosene may be around __________ mm.

A

20-25

58
Q

the following processes is used for the production of petroleum coke

A

Cracking

59
Q

Quinoline is a/an __________ compound.

A

nitrogen

59
Q

Flash point of diesel/kerosene (>50°C) is determined by the

A

Pensky-Martens apparatus

60
Q

Visbreaking

A

produces fuel oil of lower viscosity.

60
Q

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a high octane (octane no. = 115) gasoline blending component is produced by the simple additive reaction of isobutylene with

A

methyl alcohol

60
Q

Cetane number of alpha methyl naphthalene is assumed to be

A

0

60
Q

The main purpose of recycling the byproduct hydrogen gas in the reformer reactor is to

A

sustain the reactor pressure.

61
Q

LPG when brought to atmospheric pressure & temperature will be a

A

gas heavier than air.

62
Q

True vapour pressure of a petroleum fraction __________ Reid vapour pressure.

A

is more than

62
Q

Sour crude means the __________ bearing crude.

A

sulphur compounds

62
Q

The general formula of naphthenes is

A

ame as that for olefins i.e. CnH2n

63
Q

Hydrocracking employs

A

high pressure & temperature.

63
Q

The main aim of cracking is to produce

A

gasoline

63
Q

The order of preference for feedstock to a catalytic reformer is

A

coking naphtha - virgin naphtha - catalytic naphtha.

64
Q

Which of the following has the highest flash point of all ?

A

Furnace oil

64
Q

‘Solvent naphtha’ used mostly as a solvent in paints and perfumery is produced by the __________ of virgin naphtha into small boiling range cuts.

A

distillation

64
Q

The characterization factor of crude petroleum oil is around

A

11

64
Q

the most widely used cracking process in oil refineries

A

Fluidized bed catalytic cracking process.

64
Q

The amount of tetraethyl lead added to improve the octane number of motor gasoline is around __________ c.c per gallon of petrol.

A

3

65
Q

Catalyst used in the catalytic polymerization is

A

phosphoric acid on kieselghur

66
Q

Petroleum liquid fuels having flash point greater than 66°C is considered as safe during storage and handling. Which of the following has flash point > 66°C ?

A

Heavy fuel oil

66
Q

Paraffins are desirable in lubricating oil, as it has got high

A

smoke point

66
Q

undesirable in the production of catalytically reformed gasoline

A

Dehydrogenation of lower paraffins

66
Q

The most suitable solvent for deasphalting vacuum residue is

A

methyl ethyl ketone

66
Q

The solvent used in Barisol dewaxing process is

A

benzol and ethylene dichloride

67
Q

Cetane number of a diesel fuel is the measure of its

A

Ignition delay

67
Q

Thermoform catalytic cracking process is a __________ process.

A

non-catalytic

indiabix (15 decks)

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