Chemical Process Flashcards
Oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is favored by
low temperature and high pressure.
Gun powder, which is an explosive comprises of charcoal, Sulphur and
salt petre
Starting raw material for the manufacture of alum is
bauxite
Salt cake is chemically represented by
Na2SO4
sugars that is the sweetest
Fructose
Paper pulp produced by kraft/sulphate process is
strong fibrous
Claude process of gas liquefaction employs
adiabatic expansion against a piston or in a turbine.
The main use of HCl is in the
drilling of petroleum wells and pickling of steel sheets.
The gasification reaction represented by, C + H2O = CO + H2, is a/an __________ reaction.
endothermic
Viscose rayon is chemically
regenerated cellulose acetate
All enzymes are made of
proteins
The combustion reaction, C + O2 = CO2, is
exothermic
Styrene is produced from ethyl benzene by the process of
dehydrogenation
Gelatin which is a nitrogenous organic protein is obtained by the hydrolysis of
collagen
The chamber process is
none of these.
Sucrose content in the raw juice extracted from sugar cane is about __________ percent.
15 - 20
Fusel oil is a/an
mixture of higher molecular weight alcohols (a by-product obtained during production of alcohol from molasses).
Styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) as compared to natural rubber has
all (a), (b) and (c).
Co-efficient of thermal expansion of glass is decreased by the addition of __________ during its manufacture.
ZnO
The catalyst used in the manufacture of DDT (from chloral and chlorobenzene) is
oleum
Haemoglobin is a/an
protein
Epoxy resin
is a good adhesive.
Concentration of NaOH solution produced by mercury electrolytic cell is about __________ percent.
50
Which of the following is the most adverse factor challenging the choice of mercury electrolytic cell process for the production of caustic soda?
Pollution of water stream by mercury.
Esterification reaction produces
soap
Wood charcoal is used for decolouration of sugar, because it __________ the coloured materials.
adsorbs
Producer gas consists mainly of
CO, CO2 N2, H2
Neoprene is the trade name of
polychloroprene
Hard water
is not unfit for drinking purpose.
Which of the following is an organo-metallic compound ?
Tetra-ethyl lead
Sulphur addition in soap is done to
cure pimples & dandruff.
Phosphate rock is a raw material for the manufacture of
all (a), (b) and (c)
Mineral oils (e.g. petroleum oils) are preferred over fatty oils (e.g. mustard oil, ghee, tallow, palm oil, olive oil etc.) as a lubricant due to its
all (a), (b) and (c).
Which of the following is not a raw material used for the manufacture of ordinary glass?
Iron oxide
raw material used for the manufacture of ordinary glass?
all of the above
Esterification reaction
all of the above
In sulphate pulp manufacture, the pressure and temperature in the digestor is
10 atm., 170-180°C
Zeolite removes both temporary as well as permanent hardness of water by precipitating calcium and magnesium present in water as insoluble zeolites. Used zeolite is regenerated by flushing with the solution of
sodium chloride
Pick out the endothermic reaction out of the following
CaCO3 = CaO + CO2
Pasteurization of milk means
killing of organisms present in it by heating it at controlled temperature without changing its natural characteristics.
Fusion of bauxite and______produces high alumina cement
limestone
______process is used for the manufacture of sodium carbonate by ammonia soda process.
Solvay
Polycaprolactam is commercially known as
nylon-6
Frasch process is for
mining sulphur
Very fine suspended and colloidal impurities are removed from water by a process called
coagulation
Pitch (a product of coal tar distillation) is always mixed with creosote oil, when it is to be burnt in a burner, because
it reduces viscosity and imparts fluidity for its transportation through pipelines at economic pressure drop.
Which is the main reducing agent during production of iron from iron ore in a blast furnace
CO
The drug used in contraceptives is
mestranol
Raw materials used for producing______cement does not contain iron oxide.
white
In the Lurgi coal gasifier
large quantity of coal can be processed
Neon gas is
used in color discharge tube.
The compressive strength of cement should not be less than about 110Kg/cm2 after three days & not less than 170Kg/cm2 after seven days. The fineness of an ordinary cement as determined by turbidimetric method should be about______cm2/gm
1600
present in bagasse fibre
all of the above
Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of
all of the above
Naphthols are derivates of
naphthalene
Fermentation is adversely affected by the
high concentration.
Extraction of______employs an electrolytic process.
aluminum
Dichlorination of treated water is necessary to
remove chlorinous taste
Fire clay is______ refractory material.
→an acidic
An oil is converted into fat by its
hydrogenation
Production of one ton of cement requires about______ tons of limestone.
1.2
Low temperature carbonisation of coal takes place at______°C
700
Shaving soaps are
soft potassium soaps (potassium salt of fatty acid) with free stearic acid to give lather a lasting property.
Nylon-6 is a
polyamide
Enzymes are
all of the above
Multistage catalytic converter is not used in the
→NH3 synthesis reactio
The main product of high temperature carbonization of coal is
coke
______is a thermosetting plastic
epoxy polymer
In an integrated steel plant, NH3 present in coke oven gas is normally recovered as
(NH4)2SO4
Flexible foam (for mattresses) is usually made of
polyurethanes
Permanent hardness of water can be removed by
all of the above
Glycerin is a by-product of the______ industry.
Soap
Chalcopyrite is the main ore of
copper
One of the steps during refining of cane sugar consists of addition of hydrated lime to the sugar syrup followed by carbonation of the resulting solution. The purpose of this step is to
adjust the pH of the syrup
The end bleaching agent used to move last traces of colour bodies from the pulp is
→chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
Bio-degradable detergents
can be readily oxidized
Main constituent of limestone is
CaCO3
______is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of sodium hydroxide using brine.
Chlorine
Sea water contains about______ ppm of bromine.
70
Which allotrope of Sulphur is insoluble in carbon disulphide ?Which allotrope of Sulphur is insoluble in carbon disulphide ?
Plastic sulphur
Lubricating greases are a mixture of
mineral oil, soap and additives
Metallic soap is______ salt of fatty acids.
aluminium or calcium
In contact process, SO3 is absorbed in 97% H2SO4 and not in water, because
water forms an acid mist, which is difficult to absorb
Cation exchanger is regenerated usually with
H2SO4
The most widely used coagulant for removing suspended impurities from water is
alum
Fat splitting catalyst is
ZnO
Phthalic anhydride is used
as plasticisers
Penicillin is separated from fermented broth by
extraction with amyl or butyl acetate
______process is used for producing soda ash.
→Solvay
Bleaching powder (chemically known as calcium chloro hypochlorite) is commercially produced by the action of chlorine on
slaked lime
unsaturated fatty acid
Oleic acid
The yield of tar from high temperature carbonization of dry coal is about______ percent.
3
______is used as a flux in the smelting of copper ore like chalcopyrite
silica/quartz
Phenol formaldehyde is produced by condensation polymerization. It is also known as
bakelite
Hydrogenation of oil does
all of the above
CaCl(OCl) is the chemical formula of
Bleaching powder
Main constituents of cotton fiber is
Celluose
Hydrolysis of sugar is called
inversion
Most suitable dye for synthetic fibers
Acid dye
Sulphuric acid completely saturated with sulphur trioxide is called
concentrated sulphuric acid
Fish contains about______percent oil
20%
he main aim behind cooling the digested chip at the bottom portion of the digestor by injecting cold black liquor is to
avoid mechanical weakening of fibre.
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is known as
perspex
Coloured glass is obtained by mixing of colored salts. Addition of______oxide is done to impart greenish blue color to the glass.
copper
Percentage of alcohol in beer may be around______percent
2-8 %
Which may be viewed as a catalyst in the manufacture of soda ash by Solvay process
NH3
High purity nitrogen is used in
- making protective gas (95% N2 + 5% H2) for annealing of cold rolled steel strip coils.
- fire fighting purposes
Commercial production of soda ash by Solvay process requires limestone, ______as raw materials
brine and coal
Naphthalene is removed from coke oven gas by
scrubbing with wash oil
In the manufacture of viscose rayon, the raw material used industrially is
→fine teak wood
Bordeaux mixture is a/an
inorganic fungicide
Silicone is a/an
inorganic polymer
Nickel is not used as a catalyst in the______ reaction.
shift conversion
Roasting of metallurgical ores is done mainly to
remove arsenic & sulphur.
Molasses is the starting material for the production of
alcohol
BHC (Benzene hexachloride) is made by the chlorination of benzene
which is an addition reaction.
Diaphragm electrolytic cell as compared to mercury electrolytic cell
requires lesser investment for similar capacity.
Calcareous & argillaceous materials are used in the manufacture of
cement
Commercial production of calcium carbide requires limestone and______ as raw materials
coke
likely to be a constituent of vegetable oils
all of the above
Nitroglycerene absorbed in wood flour, sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate is commercially used as a controlled explosive called dynamite. The raw material used for its manufacture are glycerene, nitric acid and
sulphuric acid
The process involved in converting rubber into a thin sheet or coating it on fabric is called
Calendering
Detergent is produced by the sulphonation of dodecyl benzene, which is an______ reaction
- endothermic
- exothermic
Air used in aerobic fermentation must be sterilized, otherwise the
contamination of pure culture would result
Alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) is a
detergent
Alcohol content in freshly prepared natural and fortified wine may be respectively around______ percent.
7-14 and 14-30
Setting of plaster of paris is accompanied with
hydration
Process conditions in fermentation used for production of penicillin is
atm
Platinum is a versatile catalyst for many processes in chemical industries. It is highly prone to be poisoned by the presence of
Arsenic
Sodium chloride content in sea water is about______gms/litre
25gms/ltr
Fluorescent dyes are added in detergents to
act as fabric brightener (by converting ultraviolet light to visible light) thereby improving the whiteness appearance of white fabrics.
High magnesia lime is added to hot sugar cane juice (during the manufacture of sugar)
- flocculate the impurities.
- facilitate fast filtration.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is
made by employing emulsion polymerization
Bleaching of paper pulp is done with
→chlorine or chlorine dioxide
Isopropyl benzene produced by alkylation of benzene with propylene is known as
cumene
For the hydrogenation of oils______(A)______is commonly used as catalyst and______(B)______is a catalyst poison
(A) nickel (B) sulphur
Consider the production of ammonia from methene and air as raw materials. The catalyst used are: (i)______for steam reforming of methane and (ii)______for ammonia synthesis.
→i - Ni/Al2O3; ii - Fe/Al2O
Main constituents of natural rubber is
polyisoprene
Highly porous refractory bricks are
Poor resistance to the peneration of molten slag, metal & flue gases
Fumigant insecticides
emit poisonous vapor
which of the following is an endothermic reaction ?
- Absorption of SO3 in 98% H2SO4.
- C + H2O = CO + H2.
Fermentator temperature during production of alcohol from molasses is around______°C
30
Which of the following is not an abrasive material
Bakelite
which coals has the highest calorific value
Anthracite
Finely ground calcium aluminate & silicate is a/an
cement
Cooking liquor in case of sulphite process is
sodium sulphite and sodium bisulphite
90% of the caprolactum is converted to nylon-6 on its condensation polymerization in the reactor maintained at______° C
10-30 %
Thermal pyrolysis of ethylene dichloride produces
vinyl chloride
The main component of pyrex glass is
lead
Alum [Al2(SO4)3] is used as a coagulant in water treatment to remove
all of the above
______is an ore concentrating metallurgical process involving a chemical change.
Roasting
Basic oxide is absent in______glass.
quartz
Graphite is a/an
- electrical insulator.
- allotrope of carbon.
Lithopaneis
ZnS (white pigment
What products do we get on electrolysis of saturated brine using steel cathode and graphite anode in an electrolytic cell ?
Cl2, H2 & NaOH solution
______acid is the main constituent of cotton seed oil.
Linoleic
Chemical formula of ‘salt cake’ is
Na2SO4
Vegetable oils contain large quantity of glycerides of unsaturated acids. When the vegetable oils contain high amount of saturated fatty acids, it is termed as______oil.
non drying
Fats as compared to oils have
less unsaturated glycerides of fatty acids
Reaction of an alcohol with organic acid is called the______ reaction.
esterification
Separation of fresh water from sea water can be done by the______ operation
reverse osmosis
Nicotine is
- a volatile alkaloid.
- obtained by treating by-products of the tobacco processing industry.
Temperature during hydrogenation of oil should not be more than 200°C, otherwise it will result in
all of the above
Na2CO3.10H2O is called
→washing soda
Ethanol amine is produced using ammonia and
ethylene oxide
______acid is an unsaturated fatty acid.
Oleic
Economics of ‘Solvay Process’ depends upon the efficiency of
→ammonia recovery and size of the plant
CO & H2 are the constituents of
all of the above
______is a thermosetting plastic
Bakelite
Na2CO3 is called
Soda Ash
Flux addition during smelting of ore is done to
remove impurities/gangue.
Hydrazine is used in water treatment for the removal of
dissolved oxygen
Direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy is done in a
fuel cell.
Which of the following is not produced commercially from sea water
iodine
Pick out the wrong statement
1. Dry process is used for the manufacture of cement, when the raw material is blast furnace slag. 2. Portland cement is made employing wet process. 3. Gypsum is added to Portland cement to lengthen its setting time. 4. none of these.
None of These
Nylon-6 as compared to Nylon-66 is having higher
better impact strength and flex fatigue
Digestion of wood-base materials (for manufacture of pulp) is done to
remove lignin
Soap cannot be used with hard water, because
they form insoluble calcium soaps which precipitate
Which is not an antibiotic ?
Quinine
The most reactive allotropic form of phosphorus is______ phosphorus
Yellow also known as white phosphorous
Plasticisers are added to synthetic plastics to
all of the above
Rosin soap is added during paper manufacture to
impart resistance to penetration by liquids.
Hydrogen gas is not produced commercially (for nitrogenous fertilizer manufacture) by
iron-steam reaction
Which impurities in feed water for high pressure boiler is the most detrimental ?
Silica
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added in detergents to
→prevent redeposition of soil on cleaned surface.
Which glass is usually used in optical work?
Lead glass
The most popular and common detergent i.e., alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is a/an______ detergent
anionic
Fourdrinier machine is used in the manufacture of
Paper
Reaction of calcium carbide with water produces a gas, which is used
- as an illuminant.
- for metal cutting/welding.
Hydrazine (N2H4) is used mainly as a/an
Rocket Fuel
Pick out the wrong statement.
1. Low intensity explosives are also called propellants, whereas high intensity explosive are called detonators. 2. Gun powder comprises of 75% salt petre, 15% charcoal and 10% sulphur. 3. Lead azide is a popular military explosive. 4. TNT is a hygroscopic explosive having very high melting point and is non-toxic to human being.
TNT is a hygroscopic explosive having very high melting point and is non-toxic to human being.
Salt is the basic raw material for the manufacture of
caustic soda
Hydrocynic acid (HCN) is used as an insecticide for
citrus fruits
Molecular weight of plastics ranges from
20000 to 250000
Pick out the false statement pertaining to water treatment. 1. Aeration of water is effective in CO2 removal. 2. The zeolite water softening process reduces the hardness of water by not more than 50%. 3. Sodium sulphate or sodium carbonate do not cause hardness in water. 4. Water with pH value less than 7, is acidic.
The zeolite water softening process reduces the hardness of water by not more than 50%.
Acrylonitrile is mainly used in the______ industry
→dyeing
The enzyme which converts starch into the disacharides maltose is
diastase
Presence of H2S in raw water (to be chlorinated) results in the
increased dosage of chlorine to provide a disinfecting residual in the water.
Synthesis gas is a mixture of
CO and H2
Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture
yields acid of higher concentration than chamber process
Fat dispersed in water is exemplified by
butte
Maleic anhydride is produced by catalytic oxidation of
benzene
Catalyst used in the oxidation of benzene to produce maleic anhydride is
V2O5 / Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) / vanadium pentoxide
Widely used method for the conditioning of boiler feed water is the
hot-lime soda process
A unit operation is exemplified by the process of
desorption
Blue colour is imparted to glass by the addition of
CaO
The major constituents of glass are
sand, lime and soda ash
Margarine is a/an
fat
Oils and fats are converted to soap in a process called
Saponification
Glycerine can be obtained from
fat
Trinitro-toluene (TNT) is
an explosive
Blue vitriol is chemically
copper sulphate
Thorium is mainly used
manufacture of gas mantles
During the absorption of HCl gas in water (to produce liquid HCl), the gas is kept above dew point to
avoid corrosion
Good quality of edible salt is obtained from brine by the process of
vacuum evaporation
Electric bulbs are made of______ glass.
flint
Which is used as a binding material in soap to improve soap texture ?
Borax
An alkali metal salt of palmitic acid is known as
metallic soap
Washing soda is chemically represented by
Na2CO3.10H2O
Magnesium and calcium______ cause temporary hardness of water.
bicarbonates
Vegetable oils and fats basically differ in their
physical state
Which form of sulphur is the most stable at room temperature ?
Rhombic
Average sulphur content in Indian pyrites is about______ percent.
35%
constituent of coffee
Caffeine
main constituent of the mother liquor produced in salt industry
Bromine
Silicon carbide is a/an
abrasive
Oxygen is produced by fractionation of air using______ process.
- Linde’s
- Claude’s
Trinitrotoluene (TNT), an explosive, is made by the nitration of
toluene
used as a coagulant in treating turbid water
Ferric sulphate
Carborundum consists mainly of
silicon carbide
Wax is a
mixture of esters of polyhydric alcohols excepting glycerine.
Catalyst used in the hydrogenation of oil is
nickel
Viscose rayon is
→fiber from regenerated cellulose, generally derived from wood pulp.
Triple superphosphate is manufactured by reacting
phosphate rock with phosphoric acid.
Use of hydrated lime in water treatment
all of the above
Higher viscosity index of a lubricating oil denotes
less changes in fluidity of oil with temperature.
Le-Blanc process is a primitive process for the manufacture of
soda ash
How much temperature is maintained during quicklime manufacture in the calcination zone of the vertical shaft kiln?
1000°C
______are added in lacquers to remove film brittleness and to improve adherences.
→Plasticisers
Cement setting under water employs a/an______process.
hydration
Washing of coal is done to
- remove the inherent impurities.
- remove the adhering impurities.
Dry ice (solidified CO2) is used for the
storage & shipment of frozen foods and ice-creams.
Systemic insecticides
are absorbed throughout the plant.
In nylon-66, the first and second numbers (i.e., 6) respectively designate the number of carbon atoms present in the
In nylon-66, the first and second numbers (i.e., 6) respectively designate the number of carbon atoms present in the
Chemical formula of BHC, which is an insecticide is
C6H6Cl6
A bio-catalyst produced by living cells which acts independent of the cell is called a/an
→enzyme
Pick out the wrong statement.
1. DDT is manufactured by the condensation of chlorobenzene with chloral at 30°C in presence of oleum, which is a highly exothermic reaction. 2. Chloral is obtained by the chlorination of ethyl alcohol. 3. Insecticides acting on the insects through the respiratory system are called fumigants. 4.
Benzene hexachloride is not a contact insecticide.
→Benzene hexachloride is not a contact insecticide.
The product obtained on mixing calcium oxide with water is called
slaked lime
Exothermic neutralisation reaction between caustic soda and dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid produces sodium dodecylbenzene sulphate, which is a/an
Detergent
The major constituent of black liquor generated during paper manufacture is sodium
carbonate
Coke oven gas consists mainly of
H2, & CH4
Conversion of SO2 to SO3 in Monsanto 4-pass converter is about______percent.
98%
Oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is favoured by
low temperature and high pressure.
Gun powder, which is an explosive comprises of charcoal, sulphur and
salt petre
Salt cake is chemically represented by
Na2SO4
Solvay process, the product from the calciner is
light soda ash
Pig iron is produced by blast furnaces in India using mostly the iron ore named
hematite
Poly Vinyl Chloride (P.V.C.) is a______ material.
thermoplastic
The difference between saponification value and acid value is
called ester value.
The difference between saponification value and acid value is
called ester value.
DDT stands for
dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane.
Phosphoric acid is prepared from
rock phosphate
Metallic soap (e.g. aluminium or calcium salts of fatty acids) can be used
as a lubricant.
Which processes does not produce Cl2 as a co-product during the manufacture of caustic soda
Lime-soda process
Bleaching action of bleaching powder is due to its______ properties.
oxidising
Solvent extracted oil
none
not required in the manufacture of soda ash by Solvay process
Nitric acid
Saponification number of an oil or fat↓
- gives an idea about its molecular weight.
- is inversely proportional to its molecular weight.
- detects its adulteration.
The purpose of tanning in leather industry is to
stiffen the leather.
Lime and soda ash are added to water to remove
→bicarbonates & sulphates of calcium and magnesium.
Kaoline is a/an
refractory material
Hydrogenation of edible vegetable oils
all of the above
Phenol is mainly used
produce phenol formaldehyde
Main constituent of dolomite is
MgCO3
Conversion of CO to CO2 by steam in presence of a catalyst is called
shift conversion
Refractory bricks having high thermal conductivity is desirable, when it is to be used in the
recuperator
Plasticisers are added to paints to
give elasticity & prevent cracking of the film.
Bromides contained in hot mother liquor is treated with______ during manufacture of bromine from sea water.
Cl2
Resistance to fusion of the refractory under a steady rising temperature condition is called
refractoriness
Portland cement consists mainly of
CaO & SiO2
____glass has the lowest co-efficient of thermal expansion and hence is more heat resistant.
Pyrex
The amount of benzene present in pure benzol is about______ percent.
70%
Cumene (isopropyl benzene) is made by
propylene alkylation of benzene
not a pyrite ore
Siderite
Mannheim furnace is used in the manufacture of
Hydrochloric acid.
Nickel is not used as a catalyst in the
Ostwald’s process of HNO3 manufacture.
Pick out the wrong statement. Iodine value of an oil or fat is,
1. the number of grams of iodine taken up by 100 gm of oil or fat. 2.
a measure of its unsaturation. 3. helpful in findings its adulteration & its suitability for making soap. 4.
independent of the type of oil, whether it is drying or non-drying.
independent of the type of oil, whether it is drying or non-drying.
Thermosetting materials
are cross-linked molecules
Enamels
give good glossy finish.
Black liquor is converted into white liquor by
evaporation and burning the concentrate followed by causticization of products.
Varnish does not contain
pigment
Polymerisation product of C2F4 (carbon tetraflouride) is called P.T.F.E (poly chloro tetra flouro ethylene). It is also called
Teflon
Alcohol is produced by the
hydrolysis of an ether
Solvent used for extraction of oil is
hexane
Insulin is an______ drug
All of the above
Liquor poisoning generally occurs due to the presence of______in it.
methyl alcohol
Neoprene is chemically known as
→polychloroprene
Pick out the wrong statement.
1. Chamber process of sulphuric acid manufacture produces pure acid of concentration < 80%. 2. Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture produces pure acid of concentration ≥ 98%. 3.
75% oleum can be produced by distillation of 20% oleum. 4. Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture uses nickel as the catalyst.
Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture uses nickel as the catalyst
Pick out the wrong statement. 1. Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide produces methyl alcohol. 2. In nylon-6, the number 6 represents the total number of carbon atoms in the ring. 3.
Raw materials for DDT manufacture are benzene and chlorine. 4. Ethanol amines are produced by using ammonia and ethylene oxide as raw material.
Raw materials for DDT manufacture are benzene and chlorine
Molecular weights of polymers are in the range of
10^2 - 10^7
Sulphur removal by heating of pyrite ore in presence of air is called its
→roasting
Deacon’s method is used for the manufacture of
chlorine
Laboratory glass wares which reacts with hydroflouric acid, are made of the______ glass.
borosilicate
The most stable allotropic form of phosphorous is the______phosphorous
black
Prussian blue is chemically represented by
Fe4 [Fe (CN6)3]
Transportation of 35% oleum during winter suffers from the problem of freezing, which can be overcome by the addition of small quantity of
nitric acid
Frasch Process
Mining Sulfur
Very fine suspended colloidal
Coagulation
A pitch is always mixed with creosote
It reduces viscosity and imparts fluidity
Main reducing agent in production of iron and iron oil
CO
In Luigi coal gassifier
Large quantity of coal can be processed
Neon gas is
Used in color discharge tube
