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Envi Sci (Finals) > pesticide toxicity > Flashcards

pesticide toxicity Flashcards

1
Q

A _______ may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or
bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks,
birds, mammals, sh, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with
humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance

A

pesticide

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2
Q

Used to control bacteria that may
cause diseases in plants or spoil
food products. They are essential
in agricultural and industrial
processes to ensure crops remain
uncontaminated by harmful
bacteria

A

Bactericides

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3
Q

Designed to eliminate or suppress
unwanted plants (weeds) that
compete with crops for nutrients,
sunlight, and water. They improve
crop yields by reducing
competition from invasive plant
species.

A

Herbicides

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4
Q

Protect crops by targeting and
killing fungi or fungal spores that
cause diseases like mildew, rust,
and blight. They are widely used
in horticulture and farming to
preserve crop health and
productivity

A

Fungicides

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5
Q

Formulated to kill or manage
insect populations that damage
crops, spread diseases, or become
a nuisance. Examples include
products used to combat aphids,
caterpillars, and mosquitoes.

A

Insecticides

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6
Q

Specialized pesticides for
controlling mites, tiny arachnids
that can harm crops, livestock,
and even stored products. They
help prevent issues such as spider
mite infestations

A

Miticides

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7
Q

Target nematodes, microscopic
worms that attack plant roots and
reduce crop yields. These
pesticides help protect soil health
and ensure plant vitality

A

Nematicides

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8
Q

Used to control rodent
populations, such as rats and
mice, which can destroy crops,
spread diseases, and damage
stored food

A

Rodenticides

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9
Q

Target viruses that affect plants or
livestock. These can prevent the
spread of viral diseases that
reduce agricultural productivity or
harm animal populations

A

Virucides

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10
Q

Disease Resulting From Pesticides Exposure

A

ACUTE EFFECTS
CHRONIC EFFECTS

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11
Q

Direct exposure to high levels of
pesticides can lead to toxic effects,
manifesting as nausea, vomiting,
or even loss of consciousness.

A

Poisoning

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12
Q

Common neurological symptoms
of short-term pesticide exposure

A

Dizziness, Headache, & Confusion

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13
Q

Ingestion or inhalation can irritate
the gastrointestinal tract, leading
to these symptoms.

A

Vomiting, Diarrhea, & Abdominal Pain

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14
Q

Contact with pesticides may cause
rashes, burning sensations,
swelling, or lesions on the skin
and eyes.

A

Skin & Eye Irritation

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15
Q

Inhalation of pesticide fumes can
result in shortness of breath,
wheezing, or asthma-like
symptoms.

A

Respiratory Problems

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16
Q

Long-term exposure to certain
pesticides is associated with
increased risks of cancers such as
leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma

A

Cancer

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17
Q

Pesticides can disrupt hormonal
systems, leading to infertility,
miscarriages, or congenital
disabilities in offspring.

A

Reproductive Issues

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18
Q

Chronic exposure can cause
tremors, paralysis, or conditions
like Parkinson’s disease.

A

Neurological deterioration

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19
Q

Pesticides can weaken the immune
system, reducing the body’s ability
to fight infections and diseases

A

Immune System Damage

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20
Q

Prolonged exposure may result in
low blood pressure, arrhythmias,
or generalized body weakening

A

Cardiovascular Issues

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21
Q

This herbicide has been largely phased out globally because it
contains dioxins, which are highly toxic compounds linked to
cancer and reproductive issues.

A

2, 4, 5-T

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22
Q

These pesticides were widely used to control soil pests in crops
and termites in building materials, but were banned due to their
toxicity and environmental persistence.

A

Aldrin & Dieldrin

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23
Q

used for termite control and soil treatment in the
Philippines, is popular due to its long-lasting effects. However, it
was banned after being discovered to be a persistent organic
pollutant that poses a threat to human health.

A

Chlordane,

24
Q

It is widely used in the Philippines, particularly for mosquito
control against malaria and dengue. Its eectiveness made it
popular, but it was banned due to environmental persistence,
bioaccumulation, and health risks.

A

DDT

25
Q

known for its insecticide and pesticide properties, was
used in agriculture before being banned due to serious health
risks, particularly for field workers.

A

Endrin

26
Q

This pesticide was used for insect control in agriculture and, to a
lesser extent, public health. It was phased out due to its
persistence, bioaccumulative nature, and potential health risks.

A

Benzene Hexachloride

27
Q

a termite and soil insecticide, was widely used in agriculture.

A

Heptachlor

28
Q

These were popular fungicides in the Philippines for treating
seeds and crops that were susceptible to fungal infections. They
were eventually banned due to mercury’s severe toxicity to both
human health and the environment.

A

Mercuric Fungicides

29
Q

These highly toxic insecticides were widely used in agriculture for
pest control in a variety of crops, but they were banned due to
their extreme toxicity, particularly to agricultural workers, and the
high risk of poisoning.

A

Parathion-methyl
Parathion-ethy

30
Q

It is used to control invasive pests such as possums, rabbits, and
rodents in wildlife conservation eorts. It was phased out because
it was extremely toxic to non-target species, specifically the heart
and central nervous system

A

Sodium Fluoroacetate
(1801)

31
Q

It is used to control rodents and other pests, but it poses serious
risks to nontarget species and human health.

A

Strychnine

32
Q

All users canceled except for malaria control purposes by the
Department of Health.

A

DDT

33
Q

Restricted for Institutional Use Only. Approval of use will be based
on strict compliance by the imported / end-user of the requirements
act for its use

A

PARAQUAT

34
Q

For use in Banana Plantations only

A

FENAMIPHOS ENTROPO METHIDATHION

35
Q

For use by FPA Accredited wood treatment and wood preserving
plants only

A

Organic arsenicals

36
Q

The only allowed use to date is on pineapple plantations by soil
pre-plant application

A

Lindane

37
Q

For use in wood treatment only by FPA Accredited wood treatment
plants and institutions

A

Pentachlorophenol

38
Q

Not for use in paddy rice culture. Concentration be lowered to 5%
EC or lower for other uses

A

Endosulfan

39
Q

Allowed use is for beanfly control only

A

Monocrotophos

40
Q

Adequate time for action is required after treatment before
commodities are processed into food or feed.

A

Fumigants

41
Q

Importation Not Allowed Except in Cases of Emergency as
determined by the Authority

A

Aldicarbs

42
Q

Use natural predators, like
ladybugs for aphids, or
microorganisms like Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) to target pests

A

Biological control

43
Q

Techniques such as crop rotation,
inter cropping, and planting pest
resistant crops disrupt pest life
cycles

A

cultrual opractice

44
Q

Employ traps, barriers, or hand
removal. Use nets, mulches, or
pheromone traps to deter pests.

A

mwchanical and physical method

45
Q

Natural products like neem oil
and bio pesticides target pests
without harming ecosystems

A

Botanical and Biopesticides

46
Q

Combines various methods based
on pest monitoring, minimizing
environmental impacts

A

Integrated pest management

47
Q

Tools like drones or sensors
ensure targeted pest control with
less waste

A

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

48
Q

Modern precision agriculture tools, such as
drones and sensors, allow for targeted application of pest control measures,
reducing waste and environmental exposure. These technologies ensure that only
the affected areas are treated, optimizing efficiency and sustainability

A

Precision Agriculture Technologies

49
Q

______________ promotes shared
responsibility in the international trade of hazardous chemicals and pesticides. It
requires countries to obtain prior informed consent before exporting certain
pesticides, ensuring transparency and safe handling

A

The Rotterdam Convention

50
Q

This treaty focuses on reducing and eliminating
persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including certain hazardous pesticides like
DDT. Signatory countries commit to phasing out these substances and finding
safer alternatives.

A

Stockholm Convention (2001)

51
Q

Encourages safer pesticide use worldwide

A

INTL CODE

52
Q

Manages hazardous waste, including banned pesticides

A

Basel Convention (1989).

53
Q

Ensures food safety by regulating pesticide residues

A

Food Safety (RAA 10611)

54
Q

Created the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) to oversee
pesticide use

A

PD No.1144
1977

55
Q

Set guidelines for pesticide registration, labeling, and usage,
aligning with international standards

A

Dept. of Agri
Administrative Order

56
Q

(Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act)
It regulates hazardous substances and their disposal

A

RA NO. 6969

Envi Sci (Finals) (13 decks)

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