pesticide toxicity Flashcards
A _______ may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or
bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks,
birds, mammals, sh, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with
humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance
pesticide
Used to control bacteria that may
cause diseases in plants or spoil
food products. They are essential
in agricultural and industrial
processes to ensure crops remain
uncontaminated by harmful
bacteria
Bactericides
Designed to eliminate or suppress
unwanted plants (weeds) that
compete with crops for nutrients,
sunlight, and water. They improve
crop yields by reducing
competition from invasive plant
species.
Herbicides
Protect crops by targeting and
killing fungi or fungal spores that
cause diseases like mildew, rust,
and blight. They are widely used
in horticulture and farming to
preserve crop health and
productivity
Fungicides
Formulated to kill or manage
insect populations that damage
crops, spread diseases, or become
a nuisance. Examples include
products used to combat aphids,
caterpillars, and mosquitoes.
Insecticides
Specialized pesticides for
controlling mites, tiny arachnids
that can harm crops, livestock,
and even stored products. They
help prevent issues such as spider
mite infestations
Miticides
Target nematodes, microscopic
worms that attack plant roots and
reduce crop yields. These
pesticides help protect soil health
and ensure plant vitality
Nematicides
Used to control rodent
populations, such as rats and
mice, which can destroy crops,
spread diseases, and damage
stored food
Rodenticides
Target viruses that affect plants or
livestock. These can prevent the
spread of viral diseases that
reduce agricultural productivity or
harm animal populations
Virucides
Disease Resulting From Pesticides Exposure
ACUTE EFFECTS
CHRONIC EFFECTS
Direct exposure to high levels of
pesticides can lead to toxic effects,
manifesting as nausea, vomiting,
or even loss of consciousness.
Poisoning
Common neurological symptoms
of short-term pesticide exposure
Dizziness, Headache, & Confusion
Ingestion or inhalation can irritate
the gastrointestinal tract, leading
to these symptoms.
Vomiting, Diarrhea, & Abdominal Pain
Contact with pesticides may cause
rashes, burning sensations,
swelling, or lesions on the skin
and eyes.
Skin & Eye Irritation
Inhalation of pesticide fumes can
result in shortness of breath,
wheezing, or asthma-like
symptoms.
Respiratory Problems
Long-term exposure to certain
pesticides is associated with
increased risks of cancers such as
leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma
Cancer
Pesticides can disrupt hormonal
systems, leading to infertility,
miscarriages, or congenital
disabilities in offspring.
Reproductive Issues
Chronic exposure can cause
tremors, paralysis, or conditions
like Parkinson’s disease.
Neurological deterioration
Pesticides can weaken the immune
system, reducing the body’s ability
to fight infections and diseases
Immune System Damage
Prolonged exposure may result in
low blood pressure, arrhythmias,
or generalized body weakening
Cardiovascular Issues
This herbicide has been largely phased out globally because it
contains dioxins, which are highly toxic compounds linked to
cancer and reproductive issues.
2, 4, 5-T
These pesticides were widely used to control soil pests in crops
and termites in building materials, but were banned due to their
toxicity and environmental persistence.
Aldrin & Dieldrin
used for termite control and soil treatment in the
Philippines, is popular due to its long-lasting effects. However, it
was banned after being discovered to be a persistent organic
pollutant that poses a threat to human health.
Chlordane,
It is widely used in the Philippines, particularly for mosquito
control against malaria and dengue. Its eectiveness made it
popular, but it was banned due to environmental persistence,
bioaccumulation, and health risks.
DDT
known for its insecticide and pesticide properties, was
used in agriculture before being banned due to serious health
risks, particularly for field workers.
Endrin
This pesticide was used for insect control in agriculture and, to a
lesser extent, public health. It was phased out due to its
persistence, bioaccumulative nature, and potential health risks.
Benzene Hexachloride
a termite and soil insecticide, was widely used in agriculture.
Heptachlor
These were popular fungicides in the Philippines for treating
seeds and crops that were susceptible to fungal infections. They
were eventually banned due to mercury’s severe toxicity to both
human health and the environment.
Mercuric Fungicides
These highly toxic insecticides were widely used in agriculture for
pest control in a variety of crops, but they were banned due to
their extreme toxicity, particularly to agricultural workers, and the
high risk of poisoning.
Parathion-methyl
Parathion-ethy
It is used to control invasive pests such as possums, rabbits, and
rodents in wildlife conservation eorts. It was phased out because
it was extremely toxic to non-target species, specifically the heart
and central nervous system
Sodium Fluoroacetate
(1801)
It is used to control rodents and other pests, but it poses serious
risks to nontarget species and human health.
Strychnine
All users canceled except for malaria control purposes by the
Department of Health.
DDT
Restricted for Institutional Use Only. Approval of use will be based
on strict compliance by the imported / end-user of the requirements
act for its use
PARAQUAT
For use in Banana Plantations only
FENAMIPHOS ENTROPO METHIDATHION
For use by FPA Accredited wood treatment and wood preserving
plants only
Organic arsenicals
The only allowed use to date is on pineapple plantations by soil
pre-plant application
Lindane
For use in wood treatment only by FPA Accredited wood treatment
plants and institutions
Pentachlorophenol
Not for use in paddy rice culture. Concentration be lowered to 5%
EC or lower for other uses
Endosulfan
Allowed use is for beanfly control only
Monocrotophos
Adequate time for action is required after treatment before
commodities are processed into food or feed.
Fumigants
Importation Not Allowed Except in Cases of Emergency as
determined by the Authority
Aldicarbs
Use natural predators, like
ladybugs for aphids, or
microorganisms like Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) to target pests
Biological control
Techniques such as crop rotation,
inter cropping, and planting pest
resistant crops disrupt pest life
cycles
cultrual opractice
Employ traps, barriers, or hand
removal. Use nets, mulches, or
pheromone traps to deter pests.
mwchanical and physical method
Natural products like neem oil
and bio pesticides target pests
without harming ecosystems
Botanical and Biopesticides
Combines various methods based
on pest monitoring, minimizing
environmental impacts
Integrated pest management
Tools like drones or sensors
ensure targeted pest control with
less waste
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Modern precision agriculture tools, such as
drones and sensors, allow for targeted application of pest control measures,
reducing waste and environmental exposure. These technologies ensure that only
the affected areas are treated, optimizing efficiency and sustainability
Precision Agriculture Technologies
______________ promotes shared
responsibility in the international trade of hazardous chemicals and pesticides. It
requires countries to obtain prior informed consent before exporting certain
pesticides, ensuring transparency and safe handling
The Rotterdam Convention
This treaty focuses on reducing and eliminating
persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including certain hazardous pesticides like
DDT. Signatory countries commit to phasing out these substances and finding
safer alternatives.
Stockholm Convention (2001)
Encourages safer pesticide use worldwide
INTL CODE
Manages hazardous waste, including banned pesticides
Basel Convention (1989).
Ensures food safety by regulating pesticide residues
Food Safety (RAA 10611)
Created the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA) to oversee
pesticide use
PD No.1144
1977
Set guidelines for pesticide registration, labeling, and usage,
aligning with international standards
Dept. of Agri
Administrative Order
(Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act)
It regulates hazardous substances and their disposal
RA NO. 6969
