biodiversity and biodiversity loss Flashcards
is defined as the variety of different species (species diversity),
genetic variability among individuals within each species (genetic diversity), variety
of ecosystems (ecological diversity), and functions such as energy flow and matter
cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities (functional
diversity).
Biodiversity
This refers to the variety of genes within and between
populations of species.
Genetic diversity
This refers to the variety of different species in an
ecosystem.
Species diversity
range of different ecosystems in the world, such as
grasslands, rainforests, deserts, rivers, lakes, oceans, and human-managed
environments like urban or agroecosystems.
Ecosystem diversity
The different roles organisms play in an ecosystem,
such as predators, prey, pollinators, decomposers, and producers
Functional diversity
The variety of human cultures and communities, such as
the Manobos, Aetas, Talaandigs, Ilocanos, and Tagalogs.
Cultural diversity
These are wild species with so few individuals left that
they are at immediate risk of extinction in all or most of their natural habitat.
Endangered species -
These wild species are still relatively abundant in
their natural range but are likely to become endangered in the near future if
current trends continue, such as declines in population or habitat destruction.
Threatened species
Without a diverse range of animals, plants, and microorganisms, we cannot
maintain the healthy ecosystems that provide us with the air we breathe and food we
need for survival. T or F
T
is the inherent worth of biodiversity as an end in itself, regardless of its value
to humans or anything else.
Intrinsic Value/Moral Imperative
The ______________ of biodiversity involves appreciating and experiencing
beauty through observing a single species, a collection of species, or an
entire ecosystem
Aesthetic Value
are identified as the benefits
people gain from their interactions with different environmental spaces
Cultural Value
The ecosystem has certain characteristics that contribute to scientific
discovery, investigation, and knowledge
Scientific Value
Is the importance that people place on biodiversity, including the income
generated from using ecosystem goods and services, as well as other
benefits they provide for human welfare
Economic Value
______________are the benefits that humans receive from healthy
ecosystems
Ecosystem services
Threats to biodiversity:
- roads and infrastructure construction
- hunting of animals for commercial and personal purposes
- logging
- mining
- destructive agriculture and kaingin making
- illegal fishing
- forest fires
- use of pesticides and other forms of pest control
- pollution
- introduction of exotic/invasive species
Simple ways that you can do to protect biodiversity:
- joining environmental groups.
- conducting environmental campaigns and seminars and supporting those who
fight against the destruction of our biota. - not buying items made from endangered species nor indulging in ownership
of exotic pets. - managing your domestic waste properly.
- buying environmentally friendly items.
a set of techniques that enables scientists to transfer and combine genes of
different species that would never interbreed in nature
Genetic Engineering (Genetic Splicing)
Benefits of genetic engineering
- Crop Development
- Drug Synthesis
- Genetically Engineered Microscopic Vectors
- Improve Livestock Produce
advantage of GMO
Need less fertilizer
Need less water
More resistant to insects, plant
disease, frost, and drought
Faster growth
Can grow in slightly salty soils
Less spoilage
Better flavor
Less use of conventional pesticides
Tolerate higher levels of herbicide
use
Higher yields
disadvantages of GMO
Irreversible and unpredictable genetic
and ecological effects
Harmful toxins in food from possible
plant cell mutations
New allergens in food
Lower nutrition
Increased evolution of
pesticide-resistant insects and plant
diseases
Creation of herbicide-resistant weeds
Harm beneficial insects
Lower genetic diversity
