Pes planus Flashcards
Who most likely to get it?
Women, 60th decade
Name the causes of pes planus?
CONGENTIAL- vertical talus, tarsal coalition, flexible flatfoot, accessory navicula, calcaneovalgus foot
ACQUIRED- of which most common is
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Then inflammatory Arthropathy
Sero negative spondylioarthropathy
What is the aetiology ?
Multi factorial- 20% report acute injury
Tendon degeneration in watershed region- zone of hypo vascularity 2-6 cm from ptt attachment to navicular
What do pt complain of?
Medial ankle/ foot pain and weakness
Progressive loss medial arch
Lateral ankle pain- subfibular impingement- late
Clinical what do you see?
Pes planus Hindfoot valgus- flexible 2, fixed 3-4 Forefoot abduction- too many toes Rom- single heel raise- only in stage 1 FIXED VS FLEXIBLE- passively correctable on plantigrade foot
Where does tibialis post originate ?
Post tibia, fibula, intetosseus membrane
What is tibialis posterior innervation?
Post tibial n L4-5
What does tibialis posterior do after passing behind medial malleolus?
Splits into 3
Anterior- inserts navicular, medial cuneiform
Middle - inserts middle/ lat cuneiforms, cuboid mt2-5
Posterior - sustentaculum tail anteriorly
What is tibialis posterior blood supply?
Post tibial artery distally- watershed 2-6 cm between navicular and distal medial malleolus
What it is tibialis posterior function ?
Primary dynamic stabiliser of arch
Hindfoot inverter
Addicts and supinates forefoot during stance phase of gait
Secondary plantar flexor of ankle
Activation allows transverse tarsal joint to lock -> rigid lever arm for toe off phase of gait
Describe the classification of posterior tibial dysfunction and tx options ?
Stage I Tenosynovitis I X-ray changes Consx- wb cast 3-4 wks Orthotics - medial heel lift, longitudinal arch support all custom Surgery- SYNOVECTONY
How would you investigate pes planus?
Wb ap and lateral radiographs?
What angles would give you an idea?
Lateral talo first metatarsal angle- MEARY’s greater than 4 degrees - pes planus
Calcaneal pitch - te angle formed between the flat of the ground and the inf edge of the ground- less than 11 degrees loss in arch height - normal 12-35 degrees
What is the diff with grade 2?
Broken down into 3 subgroups
2a
2b
2c
Describe the findings amd tx of grade 2a?
Pes planus
Flexible hindfoot- <40 degrees o uncovering of talus
No able to single heel raise
X-ray arch collapse
Consx- Physio & afo- good results
Surgery - fdl transfer to navicular + medial slide Calcaneal osteotomy