Perspectives Quiz 1

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

-Established the first psychology laboratory in Germany
-G. Stanley Hall (American laboratory)

Question 2

Edward Titchener

Answer 2

Structuralism, Introspection - self reflection / looking inward, Proved somewhat unreliable

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

• used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

-Consciousness served as a function
-Functionalism
-Author of Principles of Psychology

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

• influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function / how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 6

Mary Calkins

Answer 6

-First woman to be president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
-Denied her Ph.D. from Harvard

Question 7

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 7

-First woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.
-Author of The Animal Mind
-Second female president of the APA
-Barred from joining organization of EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

Question 8

Experimental psychologists

Answer 8

-Study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Question 9

Behaviorism

Answer 9

the view that psychology:
(1) should be an objective science that
(2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes
Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)
(person) - conditioning

Question 10

B.F. Skinner - conditioning

Answer 10

behaviorism

Question 11

Freudian psychology

Answer 11

psychodynamic approach

Question 12

Humanistic psychology

Answer 12

a historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

Question 13

Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow

Answer 13

Humanistic psychology

Question 14

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 14

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 15

Psychology

Answer 15

• the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 16

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 16

• the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Question 17

Natural selection

Answer 17

• the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 18

Charles Darwin
Theory included not just structures but also behaviors

Answer 18

Natural selection

Question 19

Levels of analysis

Answer 19

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to socio-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Question 20

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 20

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Question 21

Psychometrics

Answer 21

• the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 22

Basic research

Answer 22

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 23

Applied research

Answer 23

• scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 24

Developmental psychology

Answer 24

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 25

Educational psychology

Answer 25

the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Question 26

Personality psychology

Answer 26

- the study of an individual characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 27

Social psychology

Answer 27

- the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 28

Hindsight bias

Answer 28

- the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it(knew it all along)

Question 29

Theory

Answer 29

- an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Question 30

Hypothesis

Answer 30

- a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Question 31

Operational definition

Answer 31

- a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study

Question 32

Replication

Answer 32

- repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Question 33

Case Study

Answer 33

- descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Question 34

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 34

- observing or recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 35

survey

Answer 35

- a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

Question 36

Sampling bias

Answer 36

- a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

Question 37

Population

Answer 37

- all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn

Question 38

Random sample

Answer 38

- a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Question 39

John. B. watson

Answer 39

Behaviorist "little albert"