Perspectives and Frameworks

Question 1

lifespan domains of development (4)

Answer 1

physical, cognitive, emotional & personality, and social levels within context/envrionment

Question 2

lifespan perspective

Answer 2

• focuses on ages/stages of development
• used to understand normative aspects of development
• prevalence data used to understand what ‘most’ people go through

Question 3

adversity perspective

Answer 3

• focuses on non-normative adverse life events
• impact on development and adaptation
• not all adversity is negative

Question 4

intervention

Answer 4

• tries to minimise negative impacts and maximise positive impacts
• both post and early intervention
• aim to reduce impact and prevent further developmental problems

Question 5

cultural development perspective

Answer 5

• culture is total pattern of a groups customs, beliefs, art, technology and way of life
• humans always develop in a culture
• culture shapes people and people shape culture

Question 6

Poutama model

Answer 6

Arapera Royal Tangaere
- the steps
- plateaus represent time to process/understand
- climb represent challenges

Question 7

te whare tapa whā

Answer 7

Sir Mason Durie
- house
- taha wairua
- taha hinengaro
- taha tinana
- taha whānau
- whenua

Question 8

te whetu

Answer 8

Mark & Lyons
- star
- hinengaro
- wairua
- tinana
- whānau
- whenua

Question 9

te wheke

Answer 9

Dr. Rangimarie Rose Pere
- octopus
- eyes = waiora, heads = te whānau
1. mana ake (uniqueness)
2. mauri (ethos)
3. hā a koro mā a kui (breath of life from forebearers)
4. hinengaro
5. whatumanawa (emotional aspect)
6. whanaungatanga
7. taha tinana
8. waiuratanga

Question 10

te ao tūtahi

Answer 10

Hinematau McNeill
- worlds standing side by side
- te ao whakanekneke (global world)
- te ao pākehā world (pākehā world)
- te ao hou (contemporary māori world)
- te ao tawhito (ancient māori world)

Question 11

Pūrākau model

Answer 11

Jacquelyn Elkington
- 5 āhua/stages
- atutuanga-a-muri: our spirit before and after birth
1. āhua pēpi: state of being cared for (tiaki)
2. āhua tamariki: state of experimentation (whakamātau)
3. āhua rangitahi: state of self-determination (tino rangitiratanga)
4. āhua pakeke: state of evalutation (arotakenga)
5. āhua kaumatua: state of being cared for (whānāu whānui)

Question 12

Fonofale Framework

Answer 12

Samoan
- traditional Samoan meeting house
- family at foundation
- culture is the roof
- environment, time, context as a bubble around fonofale
- 4 poles: physical, spiritual, mental, other

Question 13

Fonua model

Answer 13

Tongan
- concurrent circles
- blue: ‘atakai (environment) / mamani (global society)
- yellow: kainga (community) / fonua (nation)
- brown: sino (physical) / kolo (local)
- green: ‘atamai (mental) / famili (family)
- red: laumalie (spiritual) / taautaha (individual)