Emerging/Young Adulthood

Question 1

four changes resulting in dramatic rise in age of marriage & parenthood

Answer 1

1. technology revolution
2. sexual revolution
3. women’s movement
4. youth movement

Question 2

age of emerging/young adulthood

Answer 2

emerging adulthood: 18-25 years old

young adulthood: 25-35 years old

Question 3

key features of emerging adulthood (5)

Answer 3

1. age of identity explorations
2. age of instability
3. self-focused age
4. age of feeling in-between
5. age of possibilities

Question 4

physical functioning in emerging adulthood

Answer 4

peaks in early 20s
- maximum oxygen intake
- cardiac output
- reactions
- grip strength
- bone density
- peak in sports and physical fitness
- least susceptibility to physical illness

Question 5

high risk of injury and death through… (4)

Answer 5

1. car accidents
2. drinking
3. risky behaviour
4. suicide

Question 6

car fatalities highest between..

Answer 6

ages 16-24 years

Question 7

sociological theory of deviance (2)

Answer 7

emerging adults have:
1. propensity (motivation)
2. opportunity (time)

Question 8

weight gain caused by … (3)

Answer 8

1. change in base metabolic rate
2. genetics
3. diet

Question 9

brain ageing in young adulthood

Answer 9

• cellular death and neuron genesis (replacement) is limited to parts of brain
• white matter increases
• cognitive decline

Question 10

post-formal thinking (3)

Answer 10

beyond piaget
- pragmatism
- dialectical thought
- reflective judgement

Question 11

pragmatism

Answer 11

• adapting logical thinking to practical situations
• balancing ideals with reality

Question 12

dialectical thought

Answer 12

thinking based on awareness that sometimes there isn’t a single solution, and different solutions have equal merit

Question 13

reflective judgment

Answer 13

capacity to evaluate the accuracy and logical coherence of evidence and arguments

Question 14

4 types of thinking from adolescence to mid 20s

Answer 14

dualistic thinking (adolescence)
- right/wrong, black/white

multiple thinking (late adolescence)
- allows two or more side/views to every story/issue

relativism (early 20s)
- recognise competing points of view and compare on merit

commitment (mid 20s)
- commitment to certain points of view, while being open to new evidence

Question 14

3 stages of career choice theory

Answer 14

stage 1 - fantasy period (0-11)
- Career choices made without regard to skills, abilities and job opportunities

stage 2 - tentative period (adolescence)
- Thinking about practicalities, interests and abilities might fit with certain jobs and with values/goals

stage 3 - realistic period (young adulthood)
- Exploring job options, gaining experience, training and qualifications. Narrowing choices and making a commitment to one occupation

Question 14

benefits of tertiary education (6)

Answer 14

• higher earnings and occupational status
• verbal and quantitative status
• oral and written communication
• distinct identity
• social confidence
• increases self-concept and psychological well-being

Question 15

holland’s personality type theory (6)

Answer 15

1. realistic
2. intellectual
3. social
4. conventional
5. enterprising
6. artistic

Question 16

sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 16

1. analytical intelligence
2. creative intelligence
3. practical intelligence

Question 17

two aspects of cognitive development in young adulthood

Answer 17

1. expertise
   - extensive knowledge and skill in a specific field
   - frontal lobe maturity promotes expertise
2. creativity
   - putting new ideas together in new ways
   - with expertise, able to go from problem solving to problem finding

Question 18

assessed identity status based on … (2)

Answer 18

1. crisis (or exploration)
   
   • period of role experimentation and active decision-making among alternative choices
2. commitment
   
   • demonstration of personal involvement in occupational choice, religion, political ideology, and interpersonal relationships

Question 19

identity statuses (4)

Answer 19

1. identity achieved
   
   • exploration and commitment
2. identity foreclosure
   
   • no exploration and commitment
3. identity moratorium
   
   • exploration and no commitment
4. identity diffusion
   
   • no exploration and no commitment

Question 20

ethnic identities (3)

Answer 20

1. unexamined ethnic identity
2. ethnic identity search
3. achieved ethnic identity

Question 21

identity and ethnic minorities (4)

Answer 21

1. assimilation
   
   • adopt values of dominant culture and reject values of own ethnic groups
2. marginality
   
   • rejecting one’s own culture, but also feeling rejected by dominant culture
3. separation
   
   • associates only with members of own ethnic group and reject ways of majority culture
4. biculturalism
   
   • develops a dual identity, based in both cultures

Question 22

Māori cultural identities (4)

Answer 22

1. secure identity
   
   • self-identification and involvement
2. positive identity
   
   • self-identification and no involvement
3. notional identity
   
   • self-identification and no access
4. compromised identity
   
   • no identification but considerable access

Question 23

sternberg’s triangular theory of love (3 components, 7 types)

Answer 23

intimacy, passion and commitment

1. liking (intimacy)
2. infatuation (passion)
3. empty love (commitment)
4. romantic (intimacy and passion)
5. companionate (intimacy and commitment)
6. fatuous/silly (passion and commitment)
7. consummate (intimacy, passion and commitment)

Question 24

digital natives

Answer 24

grown up in online world, unlike digital immigrants (older generations)