Personalized Medicine Flashcards
prescribed drugs are effective in how many patients?
50%
how much do ADRs cost the US?
30-150 billion per year
what is the most common type of genetic variant?
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
how many nucleotides are polymorphic?
about 10 million SNPs - 1/500 nucleotides
name 3 polymorphic CYPs
2C9, 2C19, 2D6
name 2 polymorphic dehydrogenases
DPD, ALDH
name 3 polymorphic acetyltransferases
NAT2, UDPGTs, UGT1A1
name 1 polymorphic methyltransferase
TPMT
name 2 common drugs affected by 2D6 polymorphism
codeine (to morphine)
tamoxifen (to 4-hydroxytamoxifen)
warfarin is metabolized by which cyp?
2C9 (for inactivation)
omeprazole is metabolized by which cyp?
2C19 (for inactivation)
6-mercaptopurine is metabolized by what?
TPMT (metabolite is active)
what genotype affects risk for carbazepine-induced stevens-johnson syndrome?
HLA-B*1502 genotype. only holds true in han chinese.
what is trastuzumab?
monoclonal antibody directed against HER2 receptor found in some breast tumours
what are 3 ways that polygenic inheritance can alter drug efficacy?
absorption (mutation, normal, duplication)
crossing BBB ability
number of receptors
what’s the gene variant for imatinib or dasatinib?
BCR-ABL
what’s the gene variant for tamoxifen?
2D6
what’s the gene variant for tetrabenazine
2D6
what’s the gene variant for warfarin?
2C9, VKORC1, 4F2, factor v leiden, +nongenetic factors
what’s the gene variant for trastuzumab?
HER2
what’s the gene variant for 6-mercaptopurine?
TPMT
