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Pharmacology > Autonomic drug concepts > Flashcards

Autonomic drug concepts Flashcards

1
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in presynaptic neurons?

A

achetylcholine

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2
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in postsynaptic PNS neurons?

A

acetylcholine

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3
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in postsynaptic SNS neurons?

A

norepinephrine (or acetylcholine)

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4
Q

what neurotransmitter is used in somatic neurons?

A

acetylcholine

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5
Q

what neurotransmitter receptors are at SNS tissues?

A

adrenergic, muscarinic (sweat glands)

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6
Q

what neurotransmitter receptors are at PNS tissues?

A

muscarinic

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7
Q

what neurotransmitter receptors are at somatic tissues?

A

nicotinic

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8
Q

which cranial nerves have parasympathetic neurons?

A

III (smooth muscles of the eye)
VII (lacrimal glands)
IX (salivary glands)
X (smooth muscles in abdominal + thoracic viscera)

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9
Q

what receptors are at ANS synpases?

A

nicotinic neuronal

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10
Q

what kind of receptors are muscarinic receptors?

A

GPCR

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11
Q

what kind of receptors are nicotinic receptors?

A

ligand-gated ion channels (need 2 Ach molecules to open)

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12
Q

where are M1 receptors?

A

CNS
autonomic ganglia
glands (secretion of gastric juice)
enteric nerves

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13
Q

where are M2 receptors?

A

CNS
heart (slows heart rate and conduction at SA/AV nodes, and slows force of contraction)
smooth muscle
autonomic nerve terminals

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14
Q

where are M3 receptors?

A

CNS
smooth muscle (contraction at iris, bronchi, GI tract)
glands
heart

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15
Q

where are N_m receptors?

A

neuromuscular junction (opens Na/K channels for contraction)

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16
Q

where are N_n receptors

A 
autonomic ganglia
adrenal medulla (secretion of catecholamines)
CNS
17
Q

mechanism of action for M1,M3,M5 receptors (stimulatory)

A

G_q -> PLC -> PIP -> IP3 -> DAG -> PKC

18
Q

mechanism of action for M2,M4 receptors (inhibitory)

A

inhibition of adenylate cyclase -> decreased cAMP
activation of inward rectifying potassium channels so hyperpolarization
inhibition of neuronal calcium channels

19
Q

what are the effects of nicotine?

A

stimulation: sympathetic ganglia, parasympathetic ganglia, blockade of parasympathetic ganglia
adrenal medulla: epi release
supraoptic nucleus: release ADH
CNS: tremor and nausea

20
Q

what are the effects of nicotinic receptor antagonists

A

primarily: non-depolarizing (competitive) neuromuscular blockade

21
Q

what are the effects of non depolarizing blockers at low dose? at high dose?

A

low: blocks receptor
hi: enters pore of receptor; hard to reverse

22
Q

what are the effects of depolarizing blockers? (2 phases)

A

phase I: cause release, hard to repolarize

phase II: desensitization after repolarization

23
Q

where are endogenous catecholamines made?

A

in the sympathetic nerve endings and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

24
Q

name the steps (starting at tyrosine) of catecholamine synthesis

A

tyrosine, DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

25
Q

where are alpha 1 receptors found?

A

VSMC, genitourinary SMC, intestinal SMC, heart, liver

26
Q

where are alpha 2 receptors found?

A

pancreatic beta cells, platelets, nerves, VSMCs

27
Q

what do alpha 2 agonists activate?

A

G_i for decreased adenylyl cyclase. inhibit some channels and inhibit release

28
Q

where are beta 1 receptors found?

A

heart (hi chronotropy and inotropy and AV node conduction velocity)
renal JGA cells (more renin)
G_s

29
Q

where are beta 2 receptors found?

A 
smooth muscle (mostly pulmonary and peripheral; relaxation), skeletal muscle, liver (glycogenolysis)
G_s
30
Q

where are beta 3 receptors found?

A

adipose (lipolysis)

31
Q

Which receptors does norepinephrine act on?

A

a1,a2,b1,b2,b3

32
Q

What is reflex bradycardia?

A

When baroreceptors sense an increase in the pressure, activates vagus nerve, and decreases HR via Ach release to M2 receptors

33
Q

Which receptors does epinephrine act on?

A

a1,a2,b1,b2,b3

Higher beta effect at low doses, and vice versa

34
Q

How does dopamine cause vasodilation?

A

D2 receptors inhibit AC -> low cAMP

35
Q

What are the effects of dopamine?

A 
Vasodilation low dose
B1 effects high dose
A1 effects (vasoconstrict) high dose
36
Q

two uses of a1 adrenergic agonists?

A

treatment of shock

topically in nasal decongestant

37
Q

difference between a1 and a2 receptors?

A

a1 is activating, a2 is inhibiting (inhibit adenylyl cyclase)

38
Q

use of a b1 selective agonist?

A

increase cardiac output

39
Q

use of a b2 selective agonist?

A

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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