Drugs - Autonomic

Question 1

methacholine

Answer 1

longer-lasting acetylcholine; methacholine challenge test

Question 2

carbachol

Answer 2

glaucoma (pupillary constriction and lower intraocular pressure by opening drainage canals)
mainly muscarinic; some nicotinic

Question 3

pilocarpine

Answer 3

glaucoma; more sweating and salivating

mainly muscarinic; some nicotinic

Question 4

bethanechol

Answer 4

promote GI and urinary tract motility

muscarinic

Question 5

physostigmine

Answer 5

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

glaucoma; anticholinergic overdose

Question 6

edrophonium

Answer 6

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

used to distinguish myasthenia gravis from cholinergic crisis

Question 7

donepezil

Answer 7

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 8

rivastigmine

Answer 8

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 9

galantamine

Answer 9

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 10

pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Answer 10

used to reactivate the phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase before aging occurs. organophosphate poisoning antidote.

Question 11

lobeline

Answer 11

nicotinic agonist (used for nicotine withdrawal)

Question 12

arecoline

Answer 12

nicotinic agonist (derived from betel nut)

Question 13

succinylcholine

Answer 13

nicotinic agonist (paralysis during surgery)
depolarizing blocker

Question 14

atropine

Answer 14

muscarinic antagonist; anticholinergic

lo secretions, dilate pupils, hi HR,

Question 15

scopolamine

Answer 15

muscarinic antagonist; 3º amine

motion sickness, antiemetic, oral secretion management

Question 16

glycopyrrolate

Answer 16

muscarinic antagonist; 4º amine

decrease oral secretions, peptic ulcer disease, lo GI spasms, prevent bradycardia

Question 17

ipratropium and tiotropium

Answer 17

muscarinic antagonist; 4º amine

respiratory use

Question 18

benztropine

Answer 18

antimuscarinic

Question 19

-curonium

Answer 19

neuromuscular non depolarizing blocker (nicotinic receptor antagonist)

Question 20

d-tubocararine

Answer 20

neuromuscular non-depolarizing blocker (nicotinic receptor antagonist)

Question 21

pancuronium

Answer 21

long-lasting nicotinic receptor antagonist (think PAN - across it all)

Question 22

rocuronium, cisatracurium

Answer 22

intermediate nicotinic receptor antagonist

Question 23

catecholamine

Answer 23

sympathetic agonist; rapid; metabolized by COMT and MAO

Question 24

norepinephrine

Answer 24

catecholamine; rapid sympathomimetic

acts on a1,a2,b1,b2,b3 (a>b1»b2,b3

Question 25

epinephrine

Answer 25

catecholamine; rapid sympathomimetic

Question 26

dopamine

Answer 26

catecholamine; rapid sympathomimetic

Question 27

isoproterenol

Answer 27

catecholamine; rapid sympathomimetic; synthetic

Question 28

dobutamine (racemic)

Answer 28

catecholamine; rapid sympathomimetic; synthetic

Question 29

phenylephrine

Answer 29

a1-selective adrenergic agent | vasoconstriction - may cause reflex bradycardia parenterally, can be used for mydriasis

Question 30

clonidine

Answer 30

a2-selective adrenergic agent (CNS: INHIBITS exhitatory outflow from neurons of CV centres; posynaptic receptor) (PNS: INHIBITS release of catecholamines from postganglionic sympathetic neurons; presynaptic)

Question 31

dobutamine

Answer 31

b1 selective adrenergic agonist (d-isomer). L-isomer is a weak b1 agonist and potent a1 agonist.

Question 32

salbutamol

Answer 32

b2 adrenergic agonist (short)

Question 33

salmeterol

Answer 33

b2 adrenergic agonist (long)

Question 34

metaproterenol

Answer 34

b2 adrenergic agonist

Question 35

terbutaline

Answer 35

b2 adrenergic agonist (short)

Question 36

formoterol

Answer 36

b2 adrenergic agonist (long)

Question 37

isoproterenol

Answer 37

non-selective beta blocker; rarely used because nonselective

Question 38

amphetamine

Answer 38

indirect adrenergic agent (NE release)

Question 39

tyramine

Answer 39

indirect adrenergic agent (NE release)

Question 40

cocaine

Answer 40

indirect adrenergic agent (lo NE reuptake)

Question 41

tricyclic antidepressant

Answer 41

indirect adrenergic agent (lo NE reuptake)

Question 42

ephedrine

Answer 42

mixed sympathomimetic

Question 43

pseudoephedrine

Answer 43

mixed sympathomimetic for nasal/sinus congestion

Question 44

a-methyl-p-tyrosine

Answer 44

indirect sympatholytic | decrease synthesis

Question 45

reserpine

Answer 45

indirect sympatholytic | decrease storage via vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT inhibition

Question 46

guanethidine

Answer 46

indirect sympatholytic | decrease release

Question 47

phentolamine

Answer 47

reversible a-adrenergic receptor antagonist. nonselective.

Question 48

prazocin

Answer 48

reversible a-adrenergic receptor antagonist

Question 49

phenoxybenzamine

Answer 49

irreversible a-adrenergic receptor antagonist. nonselective.

Question 50

-osin

Answer 50

a1-selective adrenergic antagonist

Question 51

tamsulosin

Answer 51

a1-selective antagonist, selective for a1A receptors in the prostate. doesn't affect a1B (in CV system)

Question 52

propanolol

Answer 52

nonselective beta blocker

Question 53

timolol

Answer 53

nonselective beta blocker. potent. usually topical for eye.

Question 54

nadolol

Answer 54

nonselective beta blocker. potent.

Question 55

labetalol

Answer 55

blocker for b1, b2, a1.

Question 56

metoprolol

Answer 56

b1 blocker

Question 57

atenolol

Answer 57

b1 blocker

Question 58

bisoprolol

Answer 58

b1 blocker

Question 59

esmolol

Answer 59

b1 blocker. short half life.

Question 60

carbamazepine

Answer 60

voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation stabilizer

Question 61

muscarine

Answer 61

cholinergic agonist

Question 62

-stigmine

Answer 62

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Question 63

diphenhydramine

Answer 63

anticholinergic (benadryl)

Question 64

dimenhydrinate

Answer 64

anticholinergic (gravol)

Question 65

benztropine

Answer 65

anticholinergic

Question 66

benzodiazepine

Answer 66

sedative. (enhance GABA)