Personaliy Development 1 and 2 Flashcards by Janae Roberts

What is the term given to A person’s internally based characteristic ways of acting thinking and feeling.

Personality

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What are the different theories of Personality

Psychoanalytic approach
Trait approach 
Biological
Humanistic/phenomenological
Behaviorist/learning 
Cognitive approach 
Interactionist perspective

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What are the two theories for the Psychoanalytic Approach

Freudian Classical Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Neo-Freudian Theories of Personality

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True or False, Freud’s Theory included that Unconscious motivations influence personality

True

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True or False, Sigmund Freud Believed sex was a primary cause of emotional problems and was a critical component of his personality theory

True

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Psychoanalytic Structure of the Mind is divided into what 3 parts

Conscoius
Preconscious
Unconscious

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True or False, The unconscious mind stored in your memory that you are not presently aware of but can gain access to

False it is preconscious mind

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What mind contains the primary motivations for all of our actions and feelings

unconscious mind

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What is Freud’s Three-Part Personality Structure

Id, Ego, Superego

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What part of the personality Operates on a pleasure principle according to Freud’s Three-Part Personality Structure

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What part of the personality Is the original personality, the only part present at birth and the part out of which the other two parts of our personality emerge, according to Freud’s Three-Part Personality Structure

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What part of the personality Operates on the reality principle, according to Freud’s Three-Part Personality Structure

Ego

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What part of the personality Starts developing during the first year or so of life, according to Freud’s Three-Part Personality Structure

Ego

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True or False, Part of the ego is unconscious (tied to the id) and part of the ego is conscious and preconscious (tied to the external world)

True

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What part of the personality, Operates on a morality principle, according to Freud’s Three-Part Personality Structure

The Superego

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What kind of processes are used to distort reality and protect us from anxiety

Defense Mechanisms

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What are the names of Freud’s Defense Mechanisms

Repression, Regression, Displacement, Sublimation, Reaction Formation, Projection, Rationalization

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What defense mechanism is associated with the example of Not remembering a traumatic incident in which you witnessed a crime

Repression

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What defense mechanism is associated with Unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory or thought in the unconscious

Repression

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What defense mechanism is associated with Throwing temper tantrums as an adult when you don’t get your way

Regression

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What defense mechanism is associated with Reverting back to immature behavior from an earlier stage of development

Regression

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What defense mechanism is associated with Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the original source to a safer substitute target

Displacement

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What defense mechanism is associated with Taking your anger toward your boss out on your spouse or children by yelling at them and not your boss

Displacement

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Incomplete repression when urges seep out in

dream symbols and “Freudian slips”

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Wha is another name for Freudian Slip

Parapraxis

What is the term given to is an error in speech, memory, or physical action that is interpreted as occurring due to the interference of an unconscious subdued wish or internal train of thought. Integral to classical psychoanalysis.

Freudian Slip

What defense mechanism is associated with Channeling aggressive drives into playing football or inappropriate sexual desires into art

Sublimation

What defense mechanism is associated with Acting in exactly the opposite way to one’s unacceptable impulses

Reaction Formation

What defense mechanism is associated with Being overprotective of and lavishing attention on an unwanted child

Reaction Formation

What defense mechanism is associated with Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others and not yourself

Projection

What defense mechanism is associated with Accusing your boyfriend of cheating on you because you have felt like cheating on him

Projection

What defense mechanism is associated with Creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or behavior

Rationalization

What defense mechanism is associated with Justifying cheating on an exam by saying that everyone else cheats

Rationalization

Unhealthy Personalities develop when

the id or superego is unusually strong or the ego unusually weak, we become too dependent upon defense mechanisms

Term given to the area of the body where the id’s pleasure-seeking psychic energy is focused during a particular stage of psychosexual development

erogenous zone

True or False, A change in erogenous zones designates the beginning of a new stage according to Freuds Pschosexual Stage Theory

True

Term given to a portion of the id’s pleasure-seeking energy remains in a stage because of excessive gratification or frustration of our instinctual needs and continue throughout the person’s life and impact their behavior and personality traits

Fixation

What stage (age range) is associated with Sucking, biting, and chewing

Oral (birth to 1½ years)

What stage (age range) is associated with Bowel retention and elimination

Anal (1½ to 3 years)

What stage (age range) is associated withIdentifying with same-sex parent to learn gender role and sense of morality

Phallic (3 to 6 years)

What stage (age range) is associated with Cognitive and social development

Latency (6 years to puberty)

What stage (age range) is associated withDevelopment of sexual relationships, moving toward intimate adult relationships

Genital (puberty to adulthood)

What are the traits associated with anal-retentive personality

orderliness, neatness, stinginess, and obstinacy develops

What personality develops when the child rebels against the harsh training and has bowel movements whenever and wherever he desires

anal-expulsive

What Phallic Stage Conflict exists when the little boy becomes sexually attracted to his mother and fears the father (his rival) will find out and castrate him

Oedipus conflict

What Phallic Stage Conflict exists when the little girl is attracted to her father because he has a penis; she wants one and feels inferior without one (penis envy)

Electra conflict

What part of the personality develops during identification

Superego

What are the three Neo-Freudian Theories of Personality

Carl Jung’s Collective Unconscious Alfred Adler’s Striving for Superiority Karen Horneyand the Need for Security

Term given to the accumulated universal experiences of humankind, with each of us inheriting the same cumulative storehouse of all human experiences

collective unconscious

Who's theory is associated with Notions of collective unconscious and archetypes are more mystical than scientific and cannot be empirically tested

Carl Jung’s Collective Unconscious

Name given to images and symbols of all the important themes in the history of humankind (e.g., God, mother, hero

archetypes

What are the two main personalities in Carl Jung’sCollective Unconscious

extraversion and introversion

What are the Four functions/styles of gathering information

Sensing is the reality function in which the world is carefully perceived Intuiting is more subjective perception Thinking is logical deduction Feeling is the subjective emotional function

Carl Jung’s Collective Unconscious forms the basis of what indicator type

the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator,

Who's theory is associated with overcome the sense of inferiority that we feel as infants totally dependent on the “ other”

Alfred Adler’s Striving for Superiority

Term given to the strong feeling of inferiority felt by those who never overcome this initial feeling of inferiority given to

Inferiority complex

Who's theory is associated with The focus is on our need for security, rather than a sense of inferiority

Karen Horney and The Need for Security

What are the 3 Neurotic personality patterns, according to Karen Horney and The Need for Security

Moving toward people :A compliant, submissive person Moving against people: An aggressive, domineering person Moving away from people: A detached, aloof person

Name given to an arrangement of the innate needs that motivate our behavior, from the strongest needs at the bottom of the pyramid to the weakness needs at the top of the pyramid

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Who is the father of the humanistic movement

Abraham Maslow

What are the 5 parts to

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

What are the 5 parts to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

``` Psyiological Needs Safety Needs Belongingness and Love Needs Esteem Needs Self Actualiztion Nees ```

What Hierarchy of Needs does this fall under: Accepting themselves, others, and the nature of world for what they are

Self-Actualization

What Hierarchy of Needs does this fall under Having a need for privacy and only a few close, emotional relationships

Self-Actualization

What Hierarchy of Needs does this fall under Being autonomous and independent, democratic, and very creative

Self-Actualization

What Hierarchy of Needs does this fall under Having peak experiences, which are experiences of deep insight in which you experience whatever you are doing as fully as possible

Self-Actualization

Who's theory includes Unconditional positive regard – acceptance and approval without conditions

Roger’s Self Theory

Who's theory includes Empathy from others, and having others be genuine with respect to their own feelings is necessary if we are to self-actualized

Roger's Self Theory

Who's theory includes Personality comes from self-concept

Roger’s Self Theory

True or False, According to the Self Theory, Believe that people have a strong need for positive regard – to be accepted by and have the affection of others, especially the significant others in our life

True

True or False, According to the Self Theory, Our parents set up conditions of worth, the behaviors and attitudes for which they would give us positive regard

True

True or False,Maslow and Roger’s theories are research-based

False

What Theory of Personality is associated with Contrasting with the explanatory psychoanalytic and humanistic approaches and is more of a Descriptive approach to personality

The Trait Perspective

What do theorists use to to tell them how many basic personality factors (or traits) are needed to describe human personality

factor analysis

What are personality Traits

Personality traits are internally based, relatively stable characteristics that define an individual’s personality

What are the 3 major research perspectives in Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

Cognitive Behavioral Sociocultural

What approach to personality include learning through environmental conditioning contributes to personality development

Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality

True or False, According to,The Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality , social learning/modeling and cognitive processes, such as perception and thinking, are also involved and are actually more important to the development of our personality

True

What theorist established using factor analysis, found that 16 traits were necessary to describe human personality

Raymond B. Cattell

What theorist established using factor analysis, argued for three trait dimensions

Hans Eysenck

True or False Eysenck’s theory is at a more general and inclusive level of abstraction than Cattell’s

True

What are the three types of Eysenck’s Three-Factor Theory

Extraversion-Introversion Neuroticism-Emotionalstability Psychoticism-Impulsecontrol

True or False, Eysenck argued that these traits are determined by heredity

True

Five-Factor Model of Personality are measured using what instrument

NEO-PI

What 5 facts are said to be be universal and are consistent from about age 30 to late adulthood

``` Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```

What dimension is associated with the High End Characteristic: Independent, imaginative, broad interests, receptive to new ideas

Openness

What dimension is associated with the Low End Characteristic: Conforming, practical, narrow interests, closed to new ideas

Openness

What dimension is associated with the High End Characteristic: Well-organized, dependable, careful, disciplined

Conscientiousness

What dimension is associated with the Low End Characteristic: Disorganized, undependable, careless, impulsive

Conscientiousness

What dimension is associated with the High End Characteristic: Sociable, talkative, friendly, adventurous

Extraversion

What dimension is associated with the Low End Characteristic: Reclusive, quiet, aloof, cautious

Extraversion

What dimension is associated with the High End Characteristic: Sympathetic, polite, good-natured, soft-hearted

Agreeableness

What dimension is associated with the Low End Characteristic: Tough-minded, rude, irritable, ruthless

Agreeableness

What dimension is associated with the High End :Emotional, insecure, nervous, self-pitying

Neuroticism

What dimension is associated with the Low End Characteristic: Calm, secure, relaxed, self-satisfied

Neuroticism

What are the three cognitive theories of personalities

Activating Events Beliefs Consequences (depression).

True or False, In Cognitive Theory of Personality, individuals make themselves emotionally healthy or emotionally upset by the way they think, not by the environment;

True

True or False, In personality disorders, it is a Disorder of TRAIT rather than state

True

What is characteristics contribute to cluster A personality disorders

Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal

What is characteristics contribute to cluster B personality disorders

Histrionic - Antisocial | Narcissistic - Borderline

What is characteristics contribute to cluster C personality disorders

Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive

What cluster is described as the odd, eccentric cluster

Cluster A

What cluster is described as the Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive

Cluster B

What cluster is described as the anxious, fearful cluster

Cluster C