Memory

Question 1

What term is used to describe A SET OF MENTAL PROCESSES THAT RECEIVES, ENCODES, STORES,
ORGANIZES, ALTERS AND RETRIEVES INFORMATION OVER TIME

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

What are the three memory system processes

Answer 2

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

Question 3

What memory system process is associated with The process of
maintaining
information in a
particular stage

Answer 3

Storage

Question 4

What memory system process is associated with the process of transferring information from one memory stage to the next

Answer 4

Encoding

Question 5

What memory system process is associated with The process of
bringing stored
information from long term memory to the
conscious level in short term memory

Answer 5

Retrieval

Question 6

What instruments are used in recording brain activity while participants engage in tasks

Answer 6

PET Scans, FMRI

Question 7

True or False, • IT WAS FOUND THAT, IN THE BRAIN, THE LEFT
HEMISPHERE BECAME ACTIVATED DURING ENCODING,
WHILE THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE WAS ACTIVATED
DURING RETRIEVAL.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which theorist aid in developing the Multi-Store Model of Theory

Answer 8

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968

Question 9

What are the three types of memory

Answer 9

Sensory, Short-Term, Long Term

Question 10

True or False, If MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL (REPITION) DOES NOT
OCCUR, THEN INFORMATION IS FORGOTTEN, AND LOST FROM
SHORT TERM MEMORY THROUGH THE PROCESSES OF DISPLACEMENT

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are the sensory store 3 main characteristics

Answer 11

INFORMATION IS CAPTURED BY THE SENSE ORGANS
INFORMATION IN THIS AREA IS TRANSIENT (FROM A FEW
TENTHS OF A SECOND TO SECONDS)
INFORMATION ATTENDED TO IN THIS STORE IS
TRANSFERRED TO THE NEXT STORE (SHORT-TERM)

Question 12

What type of memory do Humans do all their thinking and problem solving according to Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory

Answer 12

Short Term store

Question 13

What are the 5 characteristics of Short term in Atkinson- Shiffrin Theory

Answer 13

1.THE INDIVIDUAL IS CONSCIOUS OF THIS INFORMATION
2. INFORMATION IS READILY ACCESSIBLE
3. IT WILL BE FORGOTTEN OVER A PERIOD OF 20 SEC.
4. REHEARSAL OF THE INFORMATION CAN PREVENT DECAY OF IT
(FORGETTING)
5. THE INFORMATION CAN BE PROCESSED IN DIFFERENT WAYS
(E.G. ELABORATION) AND HENCE BE TRANSPORTED TO THE
LAST STORE.

Question 14

What type of memory is associated with a LARGE REPOSITORY OF
INFORMATION THAT AN
INDIVIDUAL MAINTAINS
THAT IS GENERALLY
AVAILABLE TO THEM.

Answer 14

Long- Term Memory

Question 15

What are the three characteristics of Long term Memory according to Atkinson- Shiffrin Theory

Answer 15

1. INFORMATION ENTERS IT VIA ELABORATE
PROCESSES FROM SHORT-TERM STORE
2. ITS SIZE IS UNLIMITED.
3. INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM CAN BE REPLACED
IN SHORT-TERM, MANIPULATED AND USED TO
CARRY OUT TASKS.

Question 16

Encoding in working memory may take one or all of what 3 forms

Answer 16

Phonological Code
Visual Code
Semantic Code

Question 17

What is the other name for short term memory

Answer 17

Working Memory

Question 18

What is the normal capacity for working memory

Answer 18

7+/-2 items

Question 19

What technique was used to determine the capacity of normal adults

Answer 19

Digit-span task

Question 20

What are the main types of Long term Memory

Answer 20

Explicit Memory and Implicit Memory

Question 21

What type of Long term Memory is IS THE CONSCIOUS
RECOLLECTION OF EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN A PARTICULAR TIME AND PLACE. ONE WHICH REQUIRES A
CONSCIOUS THOUGHT, USUALLY WHAT MOST PEOPLE REFER TO AS A MEMORY

Answer 21

Explicit Memory

Question 22

What are the two types of explicit memory

Answer 22

Declarative and Episodic

Question 23

What type of eplicit memory provides GENERAL FACTUAL INFORMATION

Answer 23

Declarative

Question 24

What type of explicit memory provides personal autobiographical memories

Answer 24

Episodic

Question 25

What type of memory is associated with THE UNCONSCIOUS RECOLLECTION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF INFORMATION RELATED TO SKILLS.

Answer 25

Implicit memory

Question 26

What are the two types of Implicit long term memory

Answer 26

Procedural, Conditioning

Question 27

What term is used to describe the CAUSES PEOPLE TO FORGET KNOWLEDGE AND IDEAS THAT HAVE BEEN LEARNED RECENTLY BECAUSE OF INTERFERENCE FROM OLD MEMORIES

Answer 27

Proactive Interference

Question 28

What term is used to describe when the RECENTLY LEARNED INFORMATION MAKES THE MIND FORGET PREVIOUSLY LEARNED INFORMATION.

Answer 28

Retroactive Interference

Question 29

What are the 5 ways in which emotions can affect Long Term Memory

Answer 29

``` REHEARSAL (VERBALLY REPEATING EMOTIONAL EVENTS) FLASHBULB MEMORIES RETRIEVAL INTERFERENCE VIA ANXIETY CONTEXT EFFECTS REPRESSION ```

Question 30

What type of information retrieval is associated with A VIVID AND RELATIVELY PERMANENT RECORD OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH ONE LEARNED OF AN EMOTIONALLY CHARGED, SIGNIFICANT EVENT

Answer 30

Flashbulb Memory

Question 31

What type of information retrieval is associated with NERVOUSNESS ON SEEING THE FIRST EXAM QUESTION PREVENTS ANY RECOGNITION OF THE INFORMATION. SEEING THE 2ND QUESTION HEIGHTENS THE ANXIETY AND WORSENS THE LAPSE IN MEMORY.

Answer 31

Retrieval Interferance via anxiety

Question 32

What type of information retrieval is associated with A PARTICULAR MOOD WAS PRESENT AT THE TIME OF LEARNING THE INFORMATION, RETRIEVAL MAY ONLY OCCUR WHEN THAT MOOD IS PRESENT.

Answer 32

Context Effect

Question 33

What type of information retrieval is associated with SEVERELY TRAUMATIC EVENTS MAY NOT BE RETRIEVED EASILY AS ACCESS TO TARGET MEMORIES ARE ACTIVELY BLOCKED. THIS IS TO PREVENT ANXIETY FROM OCCURRING.

Answer 33

Repression

Question 34

What theory is associated with SOMETIMES FORGETTING IS NOT REALLY FORGETTING, BUT RATHER THAT THE INFORMATION NEVER ENTERED LONG-TERM MEMORY IN THE FIRST PLACE

Answer 34

Encoding Failure Theory

Question 35

What theory is associated with FORGETTING OCCURS BECAUSE OF A PROBLEM IN THE STORAGE OF THE INFORMATION

Answer 35

Storage Decay Theory

Question 36

What are the two ways in which information is forgotten in working memory

Answer 36

Memory decays over time | Old information is replaced by new ones (finite capacity)

Question 37

The Hippocampus, when damage causes what disease ?

Answer 37

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 38

True or False, The Hippocampus is important in memory consolidation and episodic memory but not semantic memory

Answer 38

False

Question 39

What is the Cerebellum important for

Answer 39

PLAYS A ROLE IN THE PROCEDURAL MEMORY, MOTOR LEARNING, SKILLS AND FINE MOTOR CONTROL.

Question 40

What is the Temporal Lobe important for

Answer 40

USED IN RECOGNITION MEMORY, TO IDENTIFY AN OBJECT AS ONE WHICH WAS PREVIOUSLY ENCOUNTERED.

Question 41

What is the Parietal Lobe important for

Answer 41

TO FOCUS OUR ATTENTION ON DIFFERENT STIMULI AT THE SAME TIME, ASSISTS IN WORKING MEMORY.

Question 42

What is the amygdala

Answer 42

ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTIONAL LEARNING AND MEMORY, EMOTIONAL EVENTS BEING ENCODED INTO MEMORY, SEEN IN PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING.

Question 43

What is the Basal Ganglia important for

Answer 43

COGNITION, LEARNING, MOTOR CONTROL AND ACTIVITIES ALSO UNCONSCIOUS MEMORY PROCESSES AND IMPLICIT MEMORY

Question 44

What is the frontal lobe important for

Answer 44

COORDINATION OF INFORMATION, USED MOSTLY IN WORKING MEMORY

Question 45

True or false, Memory is reconstructive

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True or false, The first two years of life cannot be remembered by anyone, although this period has the richest experience.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What are the 3 reasons in which there is childhood amnesia

Answer 47

THE HIPPOCAMPUS FULLY DEVELOPS BY THE SECOND YEAR AFTER BIRTH. "CONSOLIDATION OF INFORMATION CHANGES AS THE CHILD BEGINS LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, AND ALSO BEGINSTOATTENDSCHOOL. THIS TEACHES THE CHILD TO ORGANIZE INFORMATION DIFFERENTLY, AND IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH PREVIOUS WAYS OF DOING SO. "YOUNG CHILDREN DO NOT EMBELLISH INFORMATION, SO EARLY EXPERIENCES BECOME LOST.