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Health Care Concepts (1203) > Management of Psychiatric Patient > Flashcards

Management of Psychiatric Patient Flashcards

1
Q

What type of drugs are noted to reduce delusions , hallucinations and to have a sedating/calming effect

A

Antipsychotics

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2
Q

What are the two types of Antipsychotics

A

Typical, Atypical

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3
Q

List the Typical Antipsychotics

A 
Phenothiazines eg: Chlorpromazine
Butyrophenones eg: haloperidol
Thioxanthines eg: clopixol
Diphenylbutylpiperidines eg: pimozide
Substituted benzamides eg: Amilsulpride
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4
Q

List the Atypical Antipsychotics

A 
Clozapine(Clozaril)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Risperidone (Risperdol)
Zisprasidone (Geodon)
Aripripazole  (Abilify)
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5
Q

What do Typical Antipsychotics block

A

serotonin, dopamine, adrenergic, histaminergic and cholinergic receptors

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6
Q

What do Atypical Antipsychotics block

A

serotonin receptors

Some atypicals block dopamine receptors in the limbic system only

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7
Q

What are some side effects of Antipschotics

A

acute dystonias –( torticollis, increases muscle tone /spasm
Parkinsonism – shuffling gait, dificulty initiating mvt, masked facies
Akathesia – a subjective feeling of restlessness
Tremors – trembling at rest or during activity
Tardive dyskinesia – abnormal mvts of face/mouth / chorea form mvts of body / limbs – may be irreversible in 50% of pts

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8
Q

How can EPS side effects be minimised

A

use of anticholinergic agents

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9
Q

What are the drugs used in Antidepressants

A

Tricyclics eg: amitryptiline, imipramine
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
New reversible MAOI eg: moclobemide
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorseg: fluoxetine , paroxetine
Selective serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) eg: venlafaxine , duloxetine
Noradrenaline selective reuptake inhibitor (NaSSA ) eg: reboxetine
Atypical antidepressants eg: trazadone,nefazadone
St johns wort (hypericum)

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Antidepressants

A

Most block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron
SSRI block reuptake of serotonin only
MAOI prevent breakdown of serotonin at the synapse

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11
Q

What is the Mode of Administration for Anti depressants and how long does it take to work

A

Orally

2 weeks

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12
Q

What are the side effects for Antidepressants

A 
Nausea
Weight gain /loss
Insomnia
Sexual side effects / delayed ejaculation
Cardiac arrythmias
Increase in suicidal thoughts  (bbw24)
hypertension
Headache
Agitation
Withdrawal symptoms if not tapered down before cessation
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13
Q

What drug is used mainly for Bipolar disorder and agression

A

Mood Stabilizers

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14
Q

What is an example of a mood stabilizer

A

Lithium, anticonvulsants

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15
Q

What are some examples of Anticonvulsants

A

Sodium valproate (epilim)
Gabapentine (topamax)
Carbamazepine (tegretol)

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16
Q

What is the mode of administration for Lithium and Anticonvulsants

A

Orally

17
Q

Why must Mood Stabilizer drugs be monitered

A

the therapeutic level and the toxic level are very close

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Lithium and Anticonvulsants

A

the sodium and potassium and GABA inhibitory systems

19
Q

What are the side effects of Mood Stabilizers

A 
Nausea
Fine tremor
Weight gain
Polydipsia/ polyurea
Thyroid abnormalities
Blood dyscrasias /rash
20
Q

What type of drugs are used to treat anxiety, insomnia, muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, treatment of phobias

A

Minor Tranquilizers

21
Q

What drug is associated with Minor Tranquilizers

A

Benzodiazepine

eg: Alprazolam

22
Q

True or False, Minor Tranquilizers are highly addictive with severe withdrawal states

A

True

23
Q

What is the Mode of Administration for Minor Tranquilizers

A

Mainly Oral
Can be given intravenously
Intrmuscularly
Rectally

24
Q

What is the Mechanism of action for Minor Tranquilizers

A

Potentiation of the inhibitory effects of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

25
Q

What are the Side Effects for Minor Tranquilzers

A

Drowsiness/sedation
Ataxia/respiratory depression
Aggression
Withdrawal symptoms

26
Q

What is used in serious situations of Severe Depression, Severe Maina, High Risk of Suicide, Refractory illnesses,
Pts not eating or drinking, Severe mental illness in pregnancy

A

Electroconvulsive therapy

Health Care Concepts (1203) (17 decks)

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