Approaches to Learning: Behavioural and Social Flashcards
What is a key element in learning
Reinforcement
What are some assumptions of behaviourism
Observable behaviour rather than internal
thought processes are the focus of study
The environment shapes one’s behaviour
The principles of contiguity and reinforcement are central to explaining the learning process.
What are the three behaviourism theories
Classical Conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social Learning Theory
What type of behaviourism theory is associated with this example:
Have you ever noticed that once your dog
hears the pot cover or scraping of a fork
they immediately show up?
Classical Conditioning
_____________ is a basic form of learning in which one stimulus comes to serve as a
signal for the occurrence of a second
stimulus
Classical Conditioning
What psychologist is highly associated with Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
What are the 4 basic concepts of Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UC) Conditioned response (CRR)) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Which basic concept of conditioning is associated with one that
unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Which basic concept of conditioning is associated with the unlearned
response that occurs naturally and automatically in response to the presence
of the unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Response (UC)
Which basic concept of conditioning is associated with a previously Neutral
Stimulus (NS) that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a
conditioned response
Conditioned response (CRR))
Which basic concept of conditioning is associated with the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus, i.e. feeling hungry when you hear the sound of the whistle
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Advertising
Excretory functions
Fear
Which basic concept of conditioning is associated with learning that occurs due to the manipulation of the possible consequences
Operant conditioning
Theorist associated with Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner & E.L. Thorndike
True or False Negative reinforcement is the same as punishment
False
What type of punishment involves the presentation of an unfavorable event or
outcome in order to weaken the response it follows
Positive Reinforcement
What type of punishment occurs when a favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs.
Negative Reinforcement
What occurs during extinction in reinforcement
Dropping the unconditioned stimulus (eg. food) out of the experiment until the conditioned response (salivating to the bell) no longer presented itself
What occurs during Generalisation in reinforcement Generalisation
Eliciting properties of one stimulus is taken on by another stimulus
with which it is paired
Which theorist is associated with Social Learning theory
Bandura
Which basic concept of conditioning is associated with persons learn
from one another, via
observation, imitation, and
modelling.
Social Learning Theory
Which experiment involves children
(ages 3 to 6) changing their behavior by simply watching others.
“Bobo doll” studies
What term is used to describe that the world and a person’s behaviour cause each other
reciprocal determinism
What are the necessary conditions
for effective modelling
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
