Personality Vocab

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

Our patterns of thinking, feeling, acting.

Question 2

What does the Psychodynamic Perspective focus on?

Answer 2

Unconscious motives and unresolved conflicts shape us.

Question 3

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 3

Expose and interpret unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 4

What is Freud’s view of the mind represented by?

Answer 4

The Iceberg model.

Question 5

What is free association?

Answer 5

Relax and say whatever, unconscious things surface.

Question 6

What is the preconscious?

Answer 6

When unconscious things become conscious.

Question 7

What is the unconscious?

Answer 7

Mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, and memories.

Question 8

What does the Id represent?

Answer 8

Shoulder devil. Want to do, pleasure principle.

Question 9

What does the Superego represent?

Answer 9

Shoulder angel. What we should do, morality principle.

Question 10

What does the Ego represent?

Answer 10

Kronk. What you can do, reality principle.

Question 11

What are Freud’s Psychosexual Stages?

Answer 11

1. Oral Stage (Birth-18 mon.) = Weaning conflict
2. Anal Stage (18 mon.-3 yrs.) = Potty training conflict
3. Phallic Stage (3 yrs.-6 yrs.) = Human anatomy conflict
4. Latency Stage (6 yrs.-puberty) = Gender identity conflict
5. Genital Stage (starts @ puberty) = Dating conflict

Question 12

What are defense mechanisms?

Answer 12

Ego protecting us.

Question 13

What is repression?

Answer 13

Blocking things out entirely.

Question 14

What is regression?

Answer 14

Going back to child-like behavior.

Question 15

What is denial?

Answer 15

Refuse to admit things.

Question 16

What is reaction formation?

Answer 16

Think/feel one way, do the opposite.

Question 17

What is projection?

Answer 17

Our thoughts or feelings, but we pretend they’re others.

Question 18

What is rationalization?

Answer 18

When we justify things.

Question 19

What is displacement?

Answer 19

Put unacceptable thoughts/feelings onto something more acceptable.

Question 20

Who are the Neo-Freudians?

Answer 20

Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Karen Horney.

Question 21

What is Alfred Adler known for?

Answer 21

Inferiority Complex.

Question 22

What is Carl Jung known for?

Answer 22

Collective Unconscious.

Question 23

What is Karen Horney’s perspective?

Answer 23

Freud’s theories were male dominated; social expectations shape personality.

Question 24

What are projective tests?

Answer 24

Use ambiguous stimuli to trigger inner thoughts/feelings.

Question 25

What is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

Answer 25

Show them a picture, they tell a story.

Question 26

What is the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

Answer 26

Use inkblot to ask what they see.

Question 27

What does Humanistic Psychology focus on?

Answer 27

Experience, freedom to choose, and growth.

Question 28

What is Abraham Maslow known for?

Answer 28

Hierarchy of Needs.

Question 29

What is self-actualization?

Answer 29

Highest level of hierarchy, full unique potential.

Question 30

What is Carl Rogers known for?

Answer 30

Importance of acceptance, genuineness, empathy in human growth.

Question 31

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 31

Attitude of total acceptance.

Question 32

What is self-concept?

Answer 32

Interview about actual self vs ideal self.

Question 33

What are traits?

Answer 33

Consistent aspects of personality.

Question 34

What is the Social Cognitive Perspective?

Answer 34

States people’s environment affects how they think, which affects how they act/feel.

Question 35

Who is Gordon Allport?

Answer 35

Researched the idea that everyone has a unique personality.

Question 36

Who is Raymond Cattell?

Answer 36

Believed traits predicted others; identified 16 human traits.

Question 37

Who is Hans Eysenck?

Answer 37

Predicted personality traits were inherited; introvert/extrovert is genetic.

Question 38

What are the Big Five Traits?

Answer 38

Conscientiousness, Openness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism.

Question 39

What is validity in personality testing?

Answer 39

Measures what it should.

Question 40

What is reliability in personality testing?

Answer 40

Gets consistent results.

Question 41

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

Answer 41

The most widely used professional personality test.

Question 42

Who is Albert Bandura?

Answer 42

Believed understanding personality requires knowing someone’s thoughts before, during, and after an event.

Question 43

What is reciprocal determinism?

Answer 43

Behavior is influenced by both personality and environment.

Question 44

What is an external locus of control?

Answer 44

You control your own fate.

Question 45

What is an internal locus of control?

Answer 45

Chance/things you can’t control decide your fate.

Question 46

Who is Martin Seligman?

Answer 46

Researched learned helplessness before turning to optimism and positive psychology.

Question 47

What is positive psychology?

Answer 47

Study of optimal function and allowing people to thrive.

Question 48

How can personality be assessed in situations/positive psychology?

Answer 48

Do actual experiments to test personality.