Personality (Theories) Flashcards
Describe Psychodynamic Perspective
- Created by Sigmund Freud
- Also called intrapsychic
- Personality change occurs with a redirection of a person’s psychic energy
State the types of Freud’s Theories.
- Instinct model
- Drive model : Psychosexual stages
- Topographic model (influences of unconscious)/ structural model: Developed by Freud and includes conscious, preconscious, and unconscious elements
- Defense mechanism
Descibe Instinct model
- Self-Preservation Instinct: focus one survival
- Sexual Instincts: focus on reproduction
- Libido: a combination of the 2 basic instincts above;
- Thantos: death instinct, opposite to libido
Drive model : Psychosexual stages of development ( Stage > Age > Conflicts & Concerns)
- Oral > 0-18 months > Explore the world through mouths
- Anal > 2-3 years > Conflicts regarding compliance and defiance toilet training
- Phallic > 4-6 years > Pleasure from touching genitals - Oedipus complex
- Latency > 7-11 years > Sexual impulses repressed
- Genital > 12 + years (puberty) > Genital sex
Describe Structural Model
- Interplay between conscious, pre-conscious and unconscious
- Freud proposed 3 set of mental structures: the id, super ego and ego
Define the 3 sets of mental structure.
- Ego: conscious; balance desires, reality & morality; Cognition/problem-solving
- Super ego: preconscious; morality, sources of ideals
- Id: unconscious, sexual and aggressive energy, instinctive, illogical, pleasure principle
Define Object Relation Theory
- The enduring patterns of behaviour in intimate relationships and the motivation, cognitive and affective processes that produce the patterns
- It focuses on the interpersonal disturbances
Descibe Humanistic Perspective
- Created by Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers
- Focus on ‘free will’ & the conscious
- It also focuses on what makes us distinctly human-different to other human animals
- An optimistic theory
Explain the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Self-actualization: desire to become the most that one can be
- Esteem
- Love and belonging
- Safety needs
5 Physiological needs
Define Empathy
Capacity to understand another person’s cognitive and emotional experience
Define Self-concept
Organised pattern of thought and perception about oneself that is consistent according to Carl Rogers
Define True Self
Core aspect of being that is not impacted by external demands
Define False self
An aspect of self which emerges to gain positive regard from others
Define Ideal self
The person you want to be. An aspect of self which emerges to gain positive regard from others
Define Actualising tendency
Aspect of the humanistic approach to personality that relates to a human’s desire to fulfil the full needs of human experience (e.g. all the hierarchy of needs)
