Personality Disorders II Flashcards
1
Q
describe avoidant personality disorder
A
- example symptoms
- avoids interpersonal and occupational activities for fear of criticism
- unwilling to start relationship unless certain of being liked
- restraint within relationship for fear of ridicule
- reluctance to engage in new activities
- negative self-image
- theme: inferiority complex
2
Q
describe differentials from avoidant personality disorder
A
- schizoid personality disorder (SPD):
- people with schizoid personality have no desire for a relationship; those with avoidant personality desire a relationship
- social anxiety disorder (SAD):
- an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive fear of negative evaluations
- SAD patients have higher amounts of sympathetic nervous system arousal
- avoidants have some anxiety but not the extreme levels seen in SAD
3
Q
describe dependent personality disorder
A
- example symptoms:
- indecisive
- others must take responsibility for life
- difficulty disagreeing
- difficulty initiating due to low confidence
- excessive lengths to keep/gain support
- feels helplesss when alone
- urgently seeks another relationship if one ends
- theme: excessive need to be cared for
4
Q
describe obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
A
- example symptoms:
- preoccupation with details, rules, lists until point of activity is lost
- perfectionism interferes with task completion
- excessive devotion to work
- rigid and stubborn
- over conscientious, scrupulous
- reluctance to delegate or to work with others
- hoarding and miserly behavior
- theme: inflexible perfectionism and control
5
Q
contrast OCPD and OCD
A
- OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) involves uncontrolled intrusive thoughts and repeated rituals
- OCPD is characterized by excessive perfectionism and control, similar to the “Type A” personality
- characteristics: competitive, time urgent, pressured, impatient, irritable, hostile
- association: coronary heart disease
6
Q
describe common features of disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders
A
- common features of these disorders:
- problems with the self-control of emotions and behaviors
- self-control problems violate the rights of others and/or bring the individual into conflict with societal norms or authority figures
- symptoms of these disorders can occur to a lesser degress in normally developing individuals
- oppositional behavior
7
Q
describe diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
A
- behaviors/emotions characterized by:
- angry/irritable mood
- often loses temper, easily annoyed, resentful
- argumentative/defiant behavior
- often argues/refuses to comply with authority, deliberately annoys, blames
- vindictiveness
- angry/irritable mood
- behaviors do NOT result in a serious violation of the rights of others
8
Q
describe diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder
A
- repeated and persistent serious violation of rights/societal norms
-
multiple symptoms occuring in or across any of the categories:
- aggressive conduct
- deliberate property destruction
- deceit or theft
- serious violation of rules
9
Q
describe the subtypes of conduct disorder (CD)
A
- childhood-onset type (<10 yrs)
- usually boys
- characterized by aggressive conduct
- often have a history of ODD and are at higher risk of ASPD
- adolescent-onset type (>10 yrs)
- less of a bias towards boys
- characterized by “serious violation of rules”
- not “aggressive conduct”
10
Q
describe etiology and treatment & outcome of ODD and conduct disorder
A
- multi-factorial causes, possibly including:
- child’s constitutional temperament
- suboptimal parenting techniques
- treatment and outcome:
- anger management & communication skills
- parental training
- variable outcome (concern is that behaviors escalate over time): ODD -> CD -> ASPD
11
Q
describe diagnostic criteria for intermittent explosive disorder (IED)
A
- recurrent outburts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses as manifested by either:
- verbal aggression or non-damaging physical aggression occurring frequently
- or
- damaging physical aggression occuring infrequently
- aggression is:
- grossly disproportionate to stressor
- impulsive and/or anger-based (not instrumental)
- not explained by other causes/disorders
12
Q
explain the differentials between IED and conduct disorder (CD) & ASPD
A
- CD & ASPD are characterized by habitual, pervasive and instrumental (not impulsive) antisocial behavior
- those with IED are usually not aggressive and don’t violate rights in-between explosive episodes
13
Q
explain the differential between IED and DMDD (disruptive mood dysregulation disorder)
A
- DMDD has severe temper outburts disproportional to stressor but with irritable baseline mood
- IED doesn’t have an angry, irritable baseline mood
14
Q
describe diagnostic criteria for kleptomania
A
- diagnostic criteria
- recurrent irresistible stealing of unneeded objects
- increasing tension before stealing
- pleasure, gratification or relief when stealing
- no other cause or motivating factor for theft
- description: stolen items are unwanted and typically of low value; they are hoarded, given away or returned
- differential: “ordinary” shoplifting
- object IS THE GOAL (not the process)
- usually planned and assisted
15
Q
describe diagnostic criteria for pyromania
A
- diagnostic criteria
- multiple episodes of deliberate fire setting with preceding tension or emotional arousal
- fascination with fire & fire paraphernalia
- pleasure, gratification or relief when setting fires or witnessing/participating in the aftermath
- no other cause or motivating factor
- differential: arson (non-pyromaniac); need to assess motivation for setting fire
18
Q
summarize disruptive, impulse-related & conduct disorders
A
