Personality Disorders And Disruptive Behavioral Disorders 2 Flashcards
What are the symptoms of Avoidant Personality Disorder?
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Cluster C
Example Symptoms
• Avoids interpersonal and occupational activities for fear of criticism
• Unwilling to start relationship unless certain of being liked
• Restraint within relationship for fear of ridicule
• Reluctance to engage in new activities
• Negative self-image
Theme: Feelings of inadequacy
What are the avoidant differentials?
Differentials
- Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive fear of negative evaluations
‒ People with SAD have higher amounts of sympathetic nervous system arousal
‒ People with avoidant personality have some anxiety but not the extreme levels as in SAD - Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD):
‒ People with Schizoid Personality have no desire for a relationship
‒ Those with Avoidant Personality desire a relationship
What are the dependent personality disorder symptoms?
Example Symptoms
- Indecisive
- Others must take responsibility for life
- Difficulty disagreeing
- Difficulty initiating due to low confidence
- Excessive lengths to keep/gain support
- Feels helpless when alone
- Urgently seeks another relationship if one ends
Theme: Excessive need to be cared for
What are the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Example Symptoms
- Preoccupation with details, rules, lists until point of activity is lost
- Perfectionism interferes with task completion
- Excessive devotion to work
- Rigid and stubborn
- Over conscientious, scrupulous
- Reluctance to delegate or to work with others
- Hoarding and miserly behavior
Theme: Inflexible perfectionism & control
What are the differentials of OCPD?
Differential: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• OCD (which falls in the O-C & Related Disorders chapter) involves uncontrolled intrusive thoughts and/or repeated rituals
• OCPD is characterized by excessive perfectionism and control, similar to the “Type A” personality (not a DSM term but a research construct):
‒ Characteristics: Competitive, time urgent, pressured, impatient, irritable, hostile ‒ Association: Coronary heart disease
How do we assess personality traits?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
- Most commonly used personality test in mental health professions
- Provides comprehensive view of personality across 10 dimensions (e.g., hypochondriasis, paranoia, social introversion)
• Objective format and scoring
‒ ≈600 true/false questions
‒ Computer-scoring yields a narrative report of the
person’s important personality features
What are the diagnostic possibilities of disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders (DICCDs)?
Diagnostic Possibilities • Oppositional Defiant Disorder • Conduct Disorder • • Intermittent Explosive Disorder • Kleptomania • Pyromania
Why are DICCDs significant?
These disorders involve problems with self-control of:
‒ Emotions (anger)
‒ Specific actions (e.g., setting fires, stealing)
that relieve internal tension
Self-control problems violate the rights of others and/or bring the individual into conflict with societal norms or authority figures
Symptoms of these disorders can occur to a lesser degree in typically developing individuals (e.g., oppositional behavior)
• Before diagnosing a disorder, consider the frequency, persistence, pervasiveness across situations, and functional impairment relative to normative standards
What are the diagnostic criteria of Oppositional Defiant Disprder?
Diagnostic Criteria
➢ A frequent and persistent pattern of behaviors/emotions characterized by:
‒ Episodes of Angry/Irritable Mood (loses temper, easily annoyed, resentful)
‒ Argumentative/Defiant Behavior (often argues/refuses to comply with authority, deliberately annoys, blames)
‒ Vindictiveness (vengeful)
* Behaviors do not result in a serious violation of the rights of others * Diagnosis can be made at any age but usually in childhood
What is Conductive Disorder?
Diagnostic Criteria
➢ Repeated and persistent serious violation of rights/societal norms
➢ At least 3 symptoms occurring in or across any of the four categories:
1) Aggressive conduct: bullies, uses weapons, cruelty to people/animals, rape, stolen with confrontation
2) Deliberate property destruction: by fire or other means
3) Deceit or theft: broken in, lies, stolen without confronting
4) Serious violation of rules: breaking curfew, running away, truancy
➢ CD can be diagnosed at any age
What are the symptoms of Conductive Disorder?
Subtypes of CD • Childhood-Onset Type (age <10 yrs) ‒ Usually boys ‒ Characterized by aggressive conduct ‒ Often have a history of ODD and are at higher risk of ASPD
• Adolescent-Onset Type (age ≥10 yrs)
‒ Less of a bias towards boys
‒ Characterized by “serious violation of rules” (not
“aggressive conduct”)
What is the correlation between ASPD and Conductive Disorder?
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
• Co-listed under the DICCDs chapter and personality
disorders chapter
• ASPD vs Conduct Disorder (CD)
– Age Requirement
▪ ASPD: ≥18 y.o.
▪ CD: Any age
– Age of Onset Requirement
▪ ASPD: Symptoms must start before age 15
▪ CD: Any age
❖ If person meets criteria for ASPD, diagnose ASPD over CD
What are the diagnostic criteria of Intermittent Explosive Disorder?
Diagnostic Criteria
➢ Recurrent outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses as manifested by either:
• Verbal aggression (e.g., tirades) or non- damaging physical aggression occurring frequently
• Damaging physical aggression occurring infrequently
➢ Aggression is:
• Grossly disproportionate to stressor
• Impulsive and/or anger-based (not instrumental)
• Not explained by other causes/disorders
What are the typical description of Intermittent explosive disorder ?
Typical Description of Act ‒ Described as brief “spells” ‒ Precipitated by feeling frustrated ‒ Usually self-reproach afterwards ‒ Social, occupational, legal consequences
Differentiate between ODD anc Conductive disorder
ODD involves argumentative/noncompliant behaviors without serious violation of rights/rules
• CD involves serious violations of rights/rules
