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NB3 > Emotions > Flashcards

Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

What is James-Lange theory?

A

Sensory input—> motor program/ somatic state—> subjective feeling

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2
Q

What is Cannon-Bard theory?

A

Sensory input—> somatic state + subjective feeling

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3
Q

What is the Schaffer-Singer two factor theory?

A

Sensory input—> somatic state + cognitive appraisal—> subjective feeling

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4
Q

What is the advance of James-Lange?

A

• Emotional stimuli cause physical response which drives subjective feelings

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5
Q

What is the advance of Cannon-Brad?

A

Emotional stimuli cause simultaneous physical response and subjective feeling

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6
Q

What is the advance of Schachter-Singer ?

A

Two-factor theory: Cognitive appraisal and physiological state interact to give rise to subjective feeling

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7
Q

What are the 2 key phylogenic developments?

A

Two key phylogenic developments:

  1. Atrophy of the olfactory system
  2. Expansion of the frontal and parietal lobes
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8
Q

Summarize the conceptual evolution of the lambic system-paper circuit

A

1937: Papez Circuit

Cingulate - “mechanism of emotion”

Hippocampus-thalamus-MB provides stimulus information to the cingulate: “what is this?”

Hypothalamus mediates physiological arousal

Information from these two networks converge in the cingulate to give rise to the subjective emotion

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9
Q

Summarize the conceptual evolution of the lambic system- the. “Visceral brain”

A

Paul Maclean, 1949: The “Visceral Brain”
1. Showed that Papez’s circuit receives both interoceptive and exteroceptive information

  1. Brought the septum and amygdala into the circuit
  2. Argued that this system was automatic, preverbal, unconscious, and inaccessible to the intellect
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10
Q

Summarize the conceptual evolution of the lambic system- high road vs low road

A

LeDoux, 1998

Low road = low-resolution visual info straight to amygdala (bypasses V1)
High road = high-resolution
info to cortex; slower

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11
Q

Summarize the information flow to and from the limbic system

A
  • The limbic system receives inputs from sensory systems and monoamine neuronal groups of the brainstem reticular formation.
  • Primary outputs of the limbic system are directed to the hypothalamus.
  • This arrangement allows the limbic system to alter the activity of the hypothalamus in response to sensory input.

PAG: periaqueductal grey matter

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12
Q

Describe the advance of Broca

A

• Comparative neuroanatomy of limbic lobe

• Structures: subcallosal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, isthmus,
parahippocampal gyrus, uncus

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13
Q

What is the advancement of Papez theory?

A
  • Role of limbic circuit in emotion
  • Cingulate as main structure supporting emotional experience

• Papez Circuit: hippocampus-fornix-hypothalamus-fornix-
mammillary bodies-mammillothalamic tract-anterior nucleus of the thalamus-internal capsule-cingulate gyrus-cingulum- entorhinal-hippocampus

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14
Q

What is the advancement of MacClsan theory?

A

• Limbic system; Paleomammalian brain

• Structures: hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cingulate,
amygdala, septal region

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15
Q

What is the advancement of LeDoux?

A
  • Low road (SC-pulvinar-amygdala-hypothalamus): fast, automatic, low-resolution, “where” stream, bottom-up
  • High road (LGN-V1-corticocortical-amygdala): slow, controlled, high-resolution, “what” stream, top-down
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A
  • DOCILITY
  • LOSS OF FEAR
  • HYPERORALITY
  • HYPERPHAGIA
  • HYPERSEXUALITY
  • PSYCHIC BLINDNESS

Additional symptoms for humans:

  • MEMORY IMPAIRMENT
  • APHASIA
  • UTILIZATION BEHAVIORS
  • SEIZURES
17
Q

How does Phineas Gage demonstrate the role of the frontal lobes in emotion?

A

Prior to frontal lobe injury:
polite, socially well adapted, responsible, capable

Post-injury: erratic, impatient, irreverent and emotionally expressive

Demonstrated that ventromedial frontal lobes play a critical role in behavioral monitoring and emotion regulation.

18
Q

What are the symptoms of Bioateral temporal (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior temporal lobe)?

A 
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
• Hyperphagia (always hungry)
• Hyperorality (insertion of inappropriate
objects in mouth)
• Hypersexuality (increase in sexual
urges/activity
• Hyperdocility (agreeable, docile)
• Utilization Behaviors
• Visual Agnosia
• Memory Impairment
19
Q

What are the symptoms of Prefrontal lesion (phineas gage, transorbital lobotomies)?

A

Emotional disinhibition

  • Emotional flattening, increased docility
  • Decreased goal-oriented behavior
20
Q

Discuss formation of fear memory network

A

Sound—> auditory thalamus—> auditory cortex—> basolateral amygdala

Shock—> somatosensory thalamus—> somatosensory cortex—> basolateral amygdala —> central amygdala

Central amygdala(CE)—> central grey—> freezing
CE—> lateral hypothalamus

Bed nucleus if atria terminalis

21
Q

Discuss the formation of contextual fear memory

A

Sound—> auditory thalamus—> auditory cortex—> hippocampus

Auditory + hippocampus—> amygdala

Somatosensory thalamus—> somatosensory cortex—> hippocampus + amygdala

22
Q

How does the hippocampus track context?

A

Hippocampus tracks context:
• up-regulates amygdala firing in threat context
• down-regulates amygdala firing in safe context.

23
Q

What are the components of the neural circuit for fear learning and extinction learning?

A

Hypothalamus(fight or flight)- connects to central amygdala

Ventromedial FC (down-regulation of fear/ extinction learning) + orbitofrontal cortex (long term fear memory)

Amygdala (fear learning)

24
Q

What are the symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy?

A

Aura (deja-vu, sense of fear, olfactory or gustatory sensations, rising epigastric sensations)

  • Behavioral automatisms: lip- smacking, automatic movements
  • Attention/cognitive comorbidities
  • Ictal amnesia

• Mood changes (anxiety,
depression)

25
Q

What’s the significance of epilepsy and anxiety ?

A

Children with epilepsy and comorbid anxiety disorder have larger amygdala and smaller prefrontal cortex relative to children with epilepsy but no anxiety disorder (Jones et al., 2015 Epilepsia)

• Can this be explained by what we learned about fronto-limbic fear circuitry

NB3 (33 decks)

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