Personality Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
How are personality disorders defined?
A
- A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas:
- 1.Cognition
- 2.Affectivity
- 3.Interpersonal functioning
- 4.Impulse control
- B. The pattern is inflexible and pervasive.
- C. It leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in a range of important areas of functioning.
- D. The pattern is stable and can be traced back at least to early adulthood.
- E. It is not better explained by another diagnosis.
- F. It is not attributable to a physiological change.
2
Q
What are the Cluster A personality disorders?
A
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
3
Q
What is the diagnostic criteria of paranoid personality disorder?
A
- Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that the motives are taken as manevolent
- suspects that others are trying to harm them
- preoccupied with unjustified doubts
- reluctant to confide in others due to misstrust
- Does not occur exclusively during an episode of schizo, bipolar/depression with psychotic features and is not attrutible to physiological effects of another pathology.
4
Q
What is the diagnostic criteria of schizoid personality disorder?
A
- Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotions in interpersonal situations, beginning in early childhood
- Doesn’t enjoy relationships of being part of a family
- Always chooses single activities
- Has few sexual experiences
- Takes pleasure in few activities
- Does not occur exclusively during an episode of schizo, bipolar/depression with psychotic features and is not attrutible to physiological effects of another pathology.
5
Q
What is the diagnostic criteria of schizotypal Personality Disorder?
A
- Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort and inability for close relationships as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and excentricities of behaviour, beginning in early childhood as indicated by:
- Ideas of reference
- Odd beliefs
- Unusual perceptual experiences
- Odd thinking and speech
- Suspicious or paranoid ideation
- Does not occur exclusively during an episode of schizo, bipolar/depression with psychotic features and is not attrutible to physiological effects of another pathology.
6
Q
What are the cluster B personality disorder?
A
The prominent problems are with keeping feelings tolerable without acting:
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
7
Q
What is the diagnostic criteria of antisocial personality disorder?
A
- Disregard for and violation of rights of others, occuring since 15yrs and have three or more of following:
- Failure to conform to social norms
- Deceitfulness
- Impulsivity
- Irratability or aggressiveness
- Reckless disregard for others or self
- lack of remorse
- Individual at least 18
- Evidence of conduct disorder from 15
- Not exclusively during course of schizo or bipolar
8
Q
What is psychopathy?
A
- Severe form of antisocial personality disorder.
- Characterised by antisocial behaviour, callous disregard and lack of empathy.
- Diagnosed using the PCL-R (psychopathy checklist - revised)
9
Q
Borderline personality disorder?
A
- Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image and affects, and marker impulsivity, beginning early adulthood and present by 5 of the following:
- Frantic efforts to avoid real abandonement
- Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships
- Identity disturbance
- Recurrent suicidal behaviour
- Affective instability
- Chronic feelings of emptyness
- Innapropriate anger
- Transient stress related paranoid ideation
10
Q
Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
A
- Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning in early childhood and present in a variety of contexts: 5 or more of following
- Has grandiose sense of self importance
- Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success
- Believes that they are special and unique
- Requires excessive admiration
- Sense of entitlement
- Interperonality exploitive
- Lacks empathy
- Often envious of others
- Arrogant, haughty behaviour
11
Q
What is Histrionic Personality Disorder?
A
- Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a varierty of contexts: indicated by 5 of the following:
- Uncomfortable in situations in which they are not the centre of attention
- Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviour
- Displays rapidly shifting or shalow expression of emotions
- Consistently used physical appearance to draw attention to self
- Speech is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
- Shows self dramatization
- Suggestible
- Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
12
Q
What are the Cluster C Personality Disorder?
A
The prominent problems relate to anxiety and how it is managed (in relationships)
- Dependent Personality Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive (Anankastic) Personality Disorder
- Avoidant Personality Disorder
13
Q
What is the diagnostic criteria for Dependent Personality Disorder?
A
- Pervassive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of seperation, begins in early adulthood and indicated by 5 or more:
- Difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others
- Need other to assume responsibility for most areas
- Difficulty expressing disagreement with others for fear of disaproval
- Difficulty initiating projects or doing things on own
- Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others
- Feel uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears
- Urgently seek another relationship as source of care and support when one close relationship ends
- Unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of themselves
14
Q
What is the Diagnostic Criteria of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?
A
- Pervasive pattenr of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expence of flexibility, openness and efficiency, starting in early adulthood as indicated by 4 or more of following:
- Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organisation, or schedules to extent that the major point of activity is lost
- Shows perfectionism that interferes with taks completion
- Excessively devoted to work and productivity to exclusion of leisure activites and friendshops
- Overconscientious, scrupulous and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics or values
- Unable to discard old/worthless stuff
- Reluctant to delegate tasks
- Adopts miserly spending style toward both self and others - money is view as something to be hoarded
- Shows rigidity and stubborness
15
Q
What is Avoidant Personality Disorder?
A
- Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluaion, beginning early childhood and indicated by 4 or more of following:
- Avoids occupation activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapprocal
- Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
- Shows restraint within intimate relationshops
- Preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations
- Inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy
- Views self as socially inept
- Unusally reluctant to take personal risks
