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Psychiatry > Organic Disorders > Flashcards

Organic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What characterises Functional psychiatric disorders?

A

characterised by disturbance of the functioning of the brain

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2
Q

What are organic mental disorder characterised by?

A

Characterised by demonstrable organic brain damage or mental disorder arising in the context of demonstrable physical disease

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3
Q

But there are issues with these definition because many (if not all) functional psychiatric disorders have organic basis eg. anxiety, depression. So why do we still use ‘organic mental disorders’?

A
  • Group of disorders which have a recognised organic explanation
  • Acquired - differentiation from learning disability
  • Primary brain disorder/impairment versus secondary brain disorder (e.g. due to endocrine disorder, substance misuse)
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4
Q

What are other terms commonly used for organic mental disorders?

A
  • Organic brain syndrome
  • Organic brain disease
  • Symptomatic mental disorder
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5
Q

What are common features of organic mental disorders?

A
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Behavioural abnormalities
  • Mood changes
  • Psychotic features
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6
Q

Please explain the common cognitive impairment features:

A
  • Disorientation
  • Impaired attention/concentration
  • Memory (anterograde +/- retrograde amnesia)
  • Language
  • Judgement
  • Insight
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7
Q

Please explain the common behavioural abnormalities:

A
  • Agitation, aggression
  • Slowing, psychomotor retardation
  • Abnormal social conduct
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8
Q

Please explain the common mood changes:

A
  • Low mood
  • Anxiety
  • Mania
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9
Q

Please explain the common psychotic features:

A
  • Hallucinations, commonly visual
  • Delusions (often persecutory)
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10
Q

What are the acute organic mental disorders?

A
  • Delirium (acute organic confusional state)
  • Organic mood disorder
  • Organic psychotic disorder
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11
Q

What are the chronic organic mental disorders?

A
  • Dementia
  • Amnesic syndrome
  • Organic personality change
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12
Q

What is Delirium?

A

Transient organic mental syndrome of acute or subacute onset which is characterised by global cognitive impairment

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13
Q

Presenting features of delirium?

A
  • Impaired attention/concentration
  • Anterograde memory impairment
  • Disorientation in time, place or person
  • Fluctuating levels of arousal (often nocturnal exacerbations)
  • Disordered sleep/wake cycle
  • Increased/decreased psychomotor activity
  • Disorganised thinking as indicated by rambling, irrelevant or incoherent speech
  • Perceptual distortions, leading to misidentification, illusions, and hallucinations
  • Changes in mood such as anxiety, depression and lability
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14
Q

Causes of delirium?

A
  • Infections
  • Medications
  • Alcohol/drug withdrawal
  • Drug abuse
  • Metabolic
  • Vitamin deficiencies
  • Endocrinopathies
  • Neurological causes
  • Toxins/industrial exposures
  • SLE
  • Cerebral vasculitis
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes
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15
Q

What is dementia?

A

A syndrome which characterised by global cognitive impairment which is chronic in nature. The underlying brain pathology is variable and usually but not always progressive.

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16
Q

What are the different types of dementia?

A
  • Alzheimer
  • Vascular
  • Lewy body
  • Fronto-temporal
  • Due to other brain disorders, e.g.
    • Huntington’s chorea
    • Head injury
    • Parkinson’s disease
17
Q

What is amnesic syndrome?

A
  • Preserved global intellectual abilities
  • Anterograde amnesia
  • Retrograde amnesia (temporal gradient)
  • Preserved registration/working memory (e.g. digit span)
  • Preserved procedural (implicit) memory
18
Q

What is anterograde anmesia?

A

Loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.

19
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease.

20
Q

What are the two main causes of amnesic syndrome?

A

Hippocampal damage

  • Herpes simplex virus encephalitis
  • Anoxia
  • Surgical removal of temporal lobes
  • Bilateral posterior cerebral artery occlusion
  • Closed head injury
  • Early Alzheimer’s disease

Diencephalic damage

  • Korsakoff’s syndrome (alcoholic and non-alcoholic)
  • 3rd ventricle tumours and cysts
  • Bilateral thalamic infarction
  • Post subarachnoid haemorrhage, especially from anterior communicating artery aneurysms

Psychiatry (24 decks)

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