Personality Disorders Flashcards
group of disorders defined by problems with forming a stably positive sense of self and with sustaining close and constructive relationships. Its symptoms are pervasive and persistent
Personality Disorders
Replace the personality disorder diagnoses
Dimensional Approach
Perfectionist, preoccupied with details, rules and schedules. Work oriented rather than pleasure. Characterized by rigidity and stubbornness. Workaholic
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorders
- Grandiose view of one’s importance
- preoccupation with one’s success, brilliance, beauty
- extreme NEED for ADMIRATION
- tendency to exploit others
- envious and arrogant
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- ideas of reference
- peculiar beliefs
- unusual perceptions or magical thinking
- paranoia or suspiciousness
- odd/eccentric behavior
- lack of close friends
PERSONALITY TRAITS:
1. psychoticism
2. detachment
3. negative affectivity
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- avoidance of activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism or disapproval
- unwilling to get involved unless certain of being liked
- fear of being shamed or ridiculed
- preoccupation with being criticized or rejected
-inhibited in new interpersonal situations due to feelings of inadequacy - socially inept or inferior
PERSONALITY TRAITS
1. detachment
2. negative affectivity
Avoidant Personality Disorder
- evidence of conduct disorder before 15 years old
- pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others
- impulsivity
- irritability and aggression
- irresponsibility
PERSONALITY TRAITS
1. antagonism
2. disinhibition
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
- poverty of emotions
- no sense of shame
- superficially charming
- lack of anxiety makes it hard to learn from mistakes
- lack of remorse makes them irresponsible and cruel
PSYCHOPATHY
- fearlessness
- impulsivity
- deficits in empathy during unresponsiveness to others’ victimization
Social Factors of Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy
- frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
- unstable interpersonal relationships in which others are either IDEALIZED or DEVALUED
- unstable sense of oneself
- self-damaging, impulsive behaviors in at least 2 areas such as spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating
- chronic feelings of emptiness
- recurrent bouts of intense or POORLY CONTROLLED ANGER
- recurrent SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR, gestures, or self-injurious behavior
- during stress, a tendency to experience transient paranoid thoughts and dissociative symptoms
PERSONALITY TRAITS
1. negative affectivity
2. disinhibition
3. antagonism
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
- heightened amygdala activity
- 1st degree relatives have high rates of disorders related to impulsivity
Neurobiological factors of BPD
- history of parental separation, verbal abuse, emotional abuse during childhood
Social factors of BPD
- when people have difficulty controlling their emotions because of biological diathesis are raised in an invalidating family environment.
- emotional dystregulation + invalidation (in a dynamic fashion)
Linehan’s Diathesis Stress Therapy
- anti psychotic drugs to reduce unusual thinking
- anti depressants can also be helpful
Treatment of Schizotypal disorder
- same treatment with Social Anxiety disorder
- anti depressant medication and CBT
- social skills training to address criticism by SYSTEMIC DESENSITIZATION
- may require more intensive and long lasting treatment than SAD
Treatment of Avoidant PD
- psychoanalytic psychotherapy was helpful in improving interpersonal relationships, increasing the capacity to feel remorse and empathy reducing the amount of lying
- CB techniques
- therapy was more beneficial for younger clients
- treatment had to be intensive
Treatment for Psychopathy
- antidepressants and mood stabilizers may decrease aggression and depression
- clients find it hard to trust, making it difficult for therapists to develop a relationship
Treatment for BPD
- combining client-centered empathy and acceptance with CB problem solving, emotion regulation techniques, and social skills training
- concept comes from HEGEL; refers to constant tension between any phenomenon (thesis) and its opposite (antithesis), which is resolved by the creation of a new phenomenon (synthesis)
- used in 2 ways: accepting the client as they are, yet helping them change, and patient’s realization that splitting the world into good and bad is not necessary. Instead a synthesis of these apparent opposites
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
- dangerously impulsive behaviors are addressed with the goal of promoting greater control
- learning to control extreme emotionality; help person tolerate emotional distress
- improving relationships and self-esteem
- promote connectedness and happiness
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy’s 4 Stages
- psychodynamic treatment developed for BPD
- theory is that people with BPD fail to engage in mentalization or thinking about their own and other’s feelings
Mentalization-Based Therapy
- enriches traditional cognitive therapy with a broader focus on how early childhood antecedents and parenting shape the current cognitive patterns
- client and therapist work to identify maladaptive assumptions (schema) that a client holds about relationships
- goal is to increase the use of healthy schema rather than the automatic behaviors reflecting the problematic relationship schema
- therapist working to change the internalized representations of relationships drawn from early difficult experiences
- can require 3 years
Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy
