Personality Disorders

Question 1

group of disorders defined by problems with forming a stably positive sense of self and with sustaining close and constructive relationships. Its symptoms are pervasive and persistent

Answer 1

Personality Disorders

Question 2

Replace the personality disorder diagnoses

Answer 2

Dimensional Approach

Question 3

Perfectionist, preoccupied with details, rules and schedules. Work oriented rather than pleasure. Characterized by rigidity and stubbornness. Workaholic

Answer 3

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorders

Question 4

• Grandiose view of one’s importance
• preoccupation with one’s success, brilliance, beauty
• extreme NEED for ADMIRATION
• tendency to exploit others
• envious and arrogant

Answer 4

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 5

• ideas of reference
• peculiar beliefs
• unusual perceptions or magical thinking
• paranoia or suspiciousness
• odd/eccentric behavior
• lack of close friends
  PERSONALITY TRAITS:
  1. psychoticism
  2. detachment
  3. negative affectivity

Answer 5

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Question 6

• avoidance of activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism or disapproval
• unwilling to get involved unless certain of being liked
• fear of being shamed or ridiculed
• preoccupation with being criticized or rejected
  -inhibited in new interpersonal situations due to feelings of inadequacy
• socially inept or inferior
  PERSONALITY TRAITS
  1. detachment
  2. negative affectivity

Answer 6

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Question 7

• evidence of conduct disorder before 15 years old
• pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others
• impulsivity
• irritability and aggression
• irresponsibility
  PERSONALITY TRAITS
  1. antagonism
  2. disinhibition

Answer 7

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

Question 8

• poverty of emotions
• no sense of shame
• superficially charming
• lack of anxiety makes it hard to learn from mistakes
• lack of remorse makes them irresponsible and cruel

Answer 8

PSYCHOPATHY

Question 9

• fearlessness
• impulsivity
• deficits in empathy during unresponsiveness to others’ victimization

Answer 9

Social Factors of Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy

Question 10

• frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
• unstable interpersonal relationships in which others are either IDEALIZED or DEVALUED
• unstable sense of oneself
• self-damaging, impulsive behaviors in at least 2 areas such as spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating
• chronic feelings of emptiness
• recurrent bouts of intense or POORLY CONTROLLED ANGER
• recurrent SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR, gestures, or self-injurious behavior
• during stress, a tendency to experience transient paranoid thoughts and dissociative symptoms
  PERSONALITY TRAITS
  1. negative affectivity
  2. disinhibition
  3. antagonism

Answer 10

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER

Question 11

• heightened amygdala activity

- 1st degree relatives have high rates of disorders related to impulsivity

Answer 11

Neurobiological factors of BPD

Question 12

• history of parental separation, verbal abuse, emotional abuse during childhood

Answer 12

Social factors of BPD

Question 13

• when people have difficulty controlling their emotions because of biological diathesis are raised in an invalidating family environment.
• emotional dystregulation + invalidation (in a dynamic fashion)

Answer 13

Linehan’s Diathesis Stress Therapy

Question 14

• anti psychotic drugs to reduce unusual thinking

- anti depressants can also be helpful

Answer 14

Treatment of Schizotypal disorder

Question 15

• same treatment with Social Anxiety disorder
• anti depressant medication and CBT
• social skills training to address criticism by SYSTEMIC DESENSITIZATION
• may require more intensive and long lasting treatment than SAD

Answer 15

Treatment of Avoidant PD

Question 16

• psychoanalytic psychotherapy was helpful in improving interpersonal relationships, increasing the capacity to feel remorse and empathy reducing the amount of lying
• CB techniques
• therapy was more beneficial for younger clients
• treatment had to be intensive

Answer 16

Treatment for Psychopathy

Question 17

• antidepressants and mood stabilizers may decrease aggression and depression
• clients find it hard to trust, making it difficult for therapists to develop a relationship

Answer 17

Treatment for BPD

Question 18

• combining client-centered empathy and acceptance with CB problem solving, emotion regulation techniques, and social skills training
• concept comes from HEGEL; refers to constant tension between any phenomenon (thesis) and its opposite (antithesis), which is resolved by the creation of a new phenomenon (synthesis)
• used in 2 ways: accepting the client as they are, yet helping them change, and patient’s realization that splitting the world into good and bad is not necessary. Instead a synthesis of these apparent opposites

Answer 18

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Question 19

1. dangerously impulsive behaviors are addressed with the goal of promoting greater control
2. learning to control extreme emotionality; help person tolerate emotional distress
3. improving relationships and self-esteem
4. promote connectedness and happiness

Answer 19

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy’s 4 Stages

Question 20

• psychodynamic treatment developed for BPD

- theory is that people with BPD fail to engage in mentalization or thinking about their own and other’s feelings

Answer 20

Mentalization-Based Therapy

Question 21

• enriches traditional cognitive therapy with a broader focus on how early childhood antecedents and parenting shape the current cognitive patterns
• client and therapist work to identify maladaptive assumptions (schema) that a client holds about relationships
• goal is to increase the use of healthy schema rather than the automatic behaviors reflecting the problematic relationship schema
• therapist working to change the internalized representations of relationships drawn from early difficult experiences
• can require 3 years

Answer 21

Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy