Childhood Disorders Flashcards
Characterized by more OUTWARD DIRECTED BEHAVIORS, such as aggressiveness, noncompliance, and overactivity, impulsiveness
*includes ADHD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder
Externalizing disorders
Developmental Psychopathology
Focuses on the disorders of childhood within the context of
Iife span development, enabling us to identify behavior that are considered appropriate at one stage and disturbed in another
Inward-focusing experiences and behaviors such as depression, social withdrawal and anxiety
*includes childhood anxiety and mood disorders
Internalizing disorders
- characterized by hyperactivity and difficulty in concentrating on a task
- severe and persistent manifestation of symptoms
Attention deficit / Hyperactivity disorder
Clinical description of ADHD
- when behaviors are too extreme for a particular developmental period
- difficulty controlling their activity and haphazard movements
3 Subtypes of ADHD
- Predominantly Inattentive type
- Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
- Combined Type
Etiology of ADHD
- heritability
- environmental factors such as PRENATAL MATERNAL NICOTINE OR ALCOHOL USE
Neurobiological factors
Brain structure and function differ in children with and without ADHD, particularly in areas linked to thr neurotransmitter DOPAMINE
Prenatal and Perinatal Factors
- low birth weight
- use of substances such as tobacco and alcohol
Environmental factors (ADHD)
- additives and artificial coloring in food
- nicotine and nicotine withdrawal
Psychological factors (ADHD)
- parent-child relationships
- parent’s own history with ADHD
Treatment of ADHD
- stimulant meds
- drugs that reduce disruptive behavior and improve their ability to concentrate
- MULTIMODAL treatment (meds+behavioral treatment)
Psychological treatment of ADHD
- parent training and changes in classroom management
Conduct Disorder
- externalizing disorder
- behaviors that violate the basic rights of others and major societal norms
- frequent and severe
- more deliberate in their unruly behavior
- anxiety and depression are common
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
2 different courses of conduct problems
- life-course persistent pattern of antisocial behavior
2. adolescence limited
socio cultural factors (Conduct Disorders)
- poverty and urban living
- unemployment
- subculture that deems delinquency acceptable
Treatment for Conduct Disorder
- family interventions
- parent management training
- Multisystemic treatment
- Parents are taught to modify their responses to their children so that prosocial, rather than antisocial behavior is consistently rewarded
- positive reinforcement
Parent management training
- involves delivering intensive and comprehensive therapy services in the community
- based on the view that conduct problems are influenced by multiple factors within the family as well as between the family and other social systems
- identifies the SOCIAL CONTEXT for the conduct problems
- treatment is in “ecologically valid” settings
Multi-systemic treatment
- depressed mood, inability to experience pleasure, fatigue, concentration problems, suicidal ideation
- lower rates of early morning wakefulness. loss of appetite and weight loss
DEPRESSION
Etiology of Depression
- depressed parent = depressed child
- early adversity and negative life events
- negative interactions with partners, impaired relationships with siblings, friends, and romantic partners
- interpersonal problems