Childhood Disorders Flashcards
0
Q
Characterized by more OUTWARD DIRECTED BEHAVIORS, such as aggressiveness, noncompliance, and overactivity, impulsiveness
*includes ADHD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder
A
Externalizing disorders
1
Q
Developmental Psychopathology
A
Focuses on the disorders of childhood within the context of
Iife span development, enabling us to identify behavior that are considered appropriate at one stage and disturbed in another
2
Q
Inward-focusing experiences and behaviors such as depression, social withdrawal and anxiety
*includes childhood anxiety and mood disorders
A
Internalizing disorders
3
Q
- characterized by hyperactivity and difficulty in concentrating on a task
- severe and persistent manifestation of symptoms
A
Attention deficit / Hyperactivity disorder
4
Q
Clinical description of ADHD
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- when behaviors are too extreme for a particular developmental period
- difficulty controlling their activity and haphazard movements
5
Q
3 Subtypes of ADHD
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- Predominantly Inattentive type
- Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
- Combined Type
6
Q
Etiology of ADHD
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- heritability
- environmental factors such as PRENATAL MATERNAL NICOTINE OR ALCOHOL USE
7
Q
Neurobiological factors
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Brain structure and function differ in children with and without ADHD, particularly in areas linked to thr neurotransmitter DOPAMINE
8
Q
Prenatal and Perinatal Factors
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- low birth weight
- use of substances such as tobacco and alcohol
9
Q
Environmental factors (ADHD)
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- additives and artificial coloring in food
- nicotine and nicotine withdrawal
10
Q
Psychological factors (ADHD)
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- parent-child relationships
- parent’s own history with ADHD
11
Q
Treatment of ADHD
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- stimulant meds
- drugs that reduce disruptive behavior and improve their ability to concentrate
- MULTIMODAL treatment (meds+behavioral treatment)
12
Q
Psychological treatment of ADHD
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- parent training and changes in classroom management
13
Q
Conduct Disorder
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- externalizing disorder
- behaviors that violate the basic rights of others and major societal norms
- frequent and severe
15
Q
- more deliberate in their unruly behavior
- anxiety and depression are common
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
16
Q
2 different courses of conduct problems
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- life-course persistent pattern of antisocial behavior
2. adolescence limited
17
Q
socio cultural factors (Conduct Disorders)
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- poverty and urban living
- unemployment
- subculture that deems delinquency acceptable
18
Q
Treatment for Conduct Disorder
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- family interventions
- parent management training
- Multisystemic treatment
19
Q
- Parents are taught to modify their responses to their children so that prosocial, rather than antisocial behavior is consistently rewarded
- positive reinforcement
A
Parent management training
20
Q
- involves delivering intensive and comprehensive therapy services in the community
- based on the view that conduct problems are influenced by multiple factors within the family as well as between the family and other social systems
- identifies the SOCIAL CONTEXT for the conduct problems
- treatment is in “ecologically valid” settings
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Multi-systemic treatment
21
Q
- depressed mood, inability to experience pleasure, fatigue, concentration problems, suicidal ideation
- lower rates of early morning wakefulness. loss of appetite and weight loss
A
DEPRESSION
22
Q
Etiology of Depression
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- depressed parent = depressed child
- early adversity and negative life events
- negative interactions with partners, impaired relationships with siblings, friends, and romantic partners
- interpersonal problems
23
Q
Treatment for depression
A
- antidepressants
- psychosocial interventions
- interpersonal therapy
- CBT
24
Q
unrealistic childhood fears
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Anxiety
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consistent worry that some harm will befall their parents or themselves when they are away from his parents
Separation Anxiety Disorder
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- social phobia
| - selective mutism
Social Anxiety Disorder
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Etiology of Anxiety
- overestimate the danger in many situations and underestimate their ability to cope
- anxiety created by these cognitions then interferes with social interactions, causing the child to avoid social situations
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Treatment of Anxiety
- focus is on (gradual) exposure of the feared object
- CBT
- psychoeducation
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Focuses on confronting fears and developing new ways to think about fears, exposure to feared situations, practice, relapse prevention
Coping Cat for children between 7 - 8
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condition in which a person shows a problem in a specific area of academic, language, speech, or motor skills, that is not due to intellectual developmental disorder or deficient educational opportunities
Learning Disability
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Learning Disorders
1. dyslexia
| 2. Dyscalculia
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difficulty with word recognition, reading comprehension, writing
Dyslexia
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difficulty in producing or understanding numbers, quantities, or basic arithmetic
Dyscalculia
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Communication Disorders
- speech sounds / phonological disorder
| - childhood onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
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- correct comprehension and sufficient vocabulary use but unclear speech and improper articulation
Speech sounds / phonological disorder
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- disturbance in verbal fluency that is characterized by one or more of the following speech patterns
1. frequent repetitions
2. prolongations of sounds, substituting easy words for those that are difficult to articulate
Childhood onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
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Motor Disorders
1. Tourette's Disorder
| 2. Developmental Disorder
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one or ore vocal and multiple motor tics, that start before 18 years old
Tourette's Disorder
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motor skills disorder; impairment in the development of motor coordination that is not explainable by intellectual developmental disorder or a disorder such as cerebral palsy
Developmental Coordination Disorder
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Treatment of Dyslexia
- traditional linguistic approaches
- phonics instruction
- special computer games and audiotapes
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Formerly known as Mental Retardation
Intellectual Development Disorder
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Diagnosis and Assessment of IDD
1. significantly below average intellectual functioning
2. deficits in adaptive behavior
3. onset prior to age 18
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IEP?
- Individualized educational program
- based on the person's strengths and weaknesses and on the amount of instruction needed
- students are identified by the classroom environment they are judged to need
- approach may lessen the stigmatizing effects of having IDD
- may also encourage a focus on what can be done to improve the student's learning
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Genetic or Chromosomal abnormalities
- trisomy 21
| - fragile x syndrome
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Recessive gene disease
Phenylketonuria
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Infectious diseases
- rubella, encephalitis, meningococcal meningitis may cause brain damage and even death
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Environmental hazards
mercury, lead, smog, exhaust
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disorders all share similar clinical features and etiology, only varying in severity
Autism Spectrum Disorder
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- children with ASD have more problems with social world
Social and emotional Disturbances
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- interactions that require two people to pay attention to each other
Joint attention
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1. deficits in social communications and social interactions
2. restricted, repetitive behavior patterns, interests or activities
3. onset in early childhood
4. symptoms limit and impair functioning
characteristics of ASD
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-echolalia: echoing what he or she heard
Communication deficits
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- become upset over changes in their daily routines
- obsessional quality, may pervade the behavior of children with ASD
- may also display stereotypical behavior, peculiar ritualistic hand movements, other rhythmic movements
Repetitive, Ritualistic Acts
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Difference between IDD and ASD
IDD: scores poorly on ALL parts of a test
ASD: obtain better scores on items requiring visual spatial skills
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TREATMENT FOR ASD
- behavioral treatment: intensive operant conditioning
| - drug treatments: antipsychotic meds
