Personality Disorder Flashcards
what are the 4 characteristics common with all Personality disorders?
- Dangerous impulsivity that may result in self-harm
- Instability in interpersonal relationships
- Mood instability w/ chronic feelings of emptiness and intense anger
- Unstable self image and sense of self
What is the etiology of antisocial personality disorder?
Genetically linked
Twin studies indicate a predisposition to this disorder
Set into motion by a childhood environment of inconsistent parenting, significant abuse, and extreme neglect
What is the etiology of Borderline personality disorder?
A result of early abandonment
Unstable view of self and others
Biological predisposition
Twin studies identify a heritability of 69%
What is the etiology of Narcissistic personality disorder?*
May be the result of childhood neglect and criticism
Child does not learn that other people can be a source of comfort & support
Adult: individual hides feelings of emptiness with an exterior of invulnerability and self-sufficiency
Little is know about inborn traits or heritability for this disorder
What is the etiology of Avoidant personality disorder?*
Linked w/ parental & peer rejection & criticism
Biological predisposition to anxiety
Physiological arousal in social situations has also been suggested
Genetically, this disorder may be part of a continuum of disorders related to social phobia
What is the etiology of Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder?*
May be related to excessive parental criticism, control, shame
Responds by trying to control his or her environment through perfectionism & orderliness
Heritable traits: compulsivity, oppositionality, lack of emotional expressiveness, perfectionism
What are the disorders associated with Cluster A disorder?
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Disorder
What are the personality disorders associated with Cluster B Disorder?
Borderline Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
What are the personality disorders associated with Cluster C disorder?
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive- Compulsive Personality Disorder
What are the general behavior pattern and traits of Cluster A?
Eccentric & odd behavior Unusual levels of suspiciousness Magical thinking Cognitive distortion Believes something cause by something they did
Describe the Paranoid Personality Disorder.
don't trust others Projection main defense mechanism (coping mechanism) Don't be too nice Limit setting when are being threatening Reject treatment Difficult to interview !st line treatment: Psychotherapy Group therapy, improve social skills Antianxiety & Antipsychotic : treated according to their disorder
Describe the Schizoid Personality Disorder.
Social withdrawal, solitary jobs Restricted emotional don't try to make them socialize, in social groups Protect against ridicule Psychotherapy: improve social cues Group therapy: social interactions Antidepressants & 2nd gen. antipsychotics No hallucinations & delusions
Describe the Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
Severe social deficit Extreme anxiety in social situations Paranoia Naturally suspicious Psychotherapy Benefit from low dose antipsychotics Antidepressants & Antianxiety No hallucination & delusion
What are the General behavior pattern & traits of Cluster B?
Dramatic, chaotic behavior
Problem impulse control
Limit insight into disease
Higher risk for suicide of all personality disorder (*borderline)
Describe Borderline Personality Disorder.
instability in emotion regulation self-image distortion Shorten alleles in serotonin transporter gene Emotional lability Pathological fear of separation Antagonism relationships Impulsivity- emotions *common->unintentional death, SI Dichotomous thinking: Black or white Splitting: change attitude in 1sec boundaries & consistency essential
Describe Antisocial Personality Disorder.
only people over 18yrs old can be diagnosed w/ APD Under 18yrs: Conduct disorder Callousness: Profound lack of empathy Lack social norms Witty/Charming Long treatment Boundaries & Limits Angry/Aggressive when confined Medications for comorbid conditions
Describe Histrionic Personality Disorder.
Emotional expressiveness, Dramatic
Poor insight/relationships->psychotherapy
Stress response: seductive behavior
Antidepressants, Antianxiety, Antipsychotic (if delusions)
Describe the Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
entilement lack empathy Weak self-esteem & hypersensitivity to criticism Arrogant, Need admiration Antagonism, Grandiose, Attention seeking Difficult treatment Group or family therapy
What are the personality disorders include in Cluster C?
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
What are the general behavior and traits of Cluster C?
Anxious, fearful
shy, regid,
Hypersensitive
Relationship dependency
Describe the Avoidant Personality Disorder.
Low self-esteem, inferiority
Preoccupied w/ rejection, humiliation, failure
Infant: Shy in ado, early adult
Don’t push social situations
SSRI & SNRI to reduce social anxiety
Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists-> reduce ANS hyperactivity*** (Beta-blocker)
Describe the Dependent Personality Disorder.
chronic physical illness or punishment in child
Submissive & clingy behavior
fear: separation & abandonment
Vulnerable to exploitation
Lack independence
Psychotherapy: Best
CognitiveBehaviorTherapy, Antidepressive, Antianxiety
Describe the Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder.
Oldest sibling, harsh discipline Limited emotional expression, Perseverance, Perfectionism, Rigidity, Inflexibility, don't like change Have insight* Group therapy Meds to reduce obsessions/anxiety
What are the assessments for Personality Disorders?
Semi-structured interview preferred
To evaluate Personality: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
No open-ended questions
What are the outcomes/goals for Personality disorder patients?
Aggression Sel-control Social interaction skills Abuse/manipulative behavior Developing positive coping skills to reduce stress
What interventions can be done with Manipulative behavior to set limits?
identify undesirable personal behaviour
Establish consequences
Refrain from arguing/bargaining
Set bounderies
