Personality And Consequential Outcomes

Question 1

why might personality predict life outcomes?

Answer 1

1. direct effects - from general to specific
2. indirect effects - mediation, extraversion predicts likelihood of winding up in accidents, because more likely to put you in situations where accidents occur eg, drinking at parties
3. interactive/conditional effects - person x environment

Question 2

what is the lexical hypothesis?

Answer 2

important characteristics will over human history be coded in lang.

Question 3

how do we measure prediction of achievement?

Answer 3

• job performance
• occupational success
• educational achievement

Question 4

what did schmidt and hunter 1998 find re C and job performance?

Answer 4

C had correlation with job performance of 0.31 (relatively large in this field) across a range of jobs

Question 5

integrity tests are a blend of which big 5 traits?

Answer 5

C and A

Question 6

when schmidt and hunter combined cog abilities with integrity tests what r value did they get?
same for when they combined cog abilities with C

Answer 6

r = 0.65; r = 0.60

Question 7

what did kaufman et al 2015 find re creative achievement

Answer 7

• intellect reflects engagement with semantic info (sciences)
• openness reflects engagement with perceptual info (arts)

Question 8

what results did propat 2009 get for correlations of Big 5 and GPA

Answer 8

Cog ability: .25
C: .22
Openness/intellect: .12
A: .07

Question 9

why/how might personality predict achievement (job)

Answer 9

1. direct effects (things that are valued in work place, C people are just better at these things)
2. indirect effects (choosing pathways that better fit ones personality
3. interactive effects (E’s may respond better to interpersonal challenges of management than N’s)

Question 10

what is a theory behind why E’s might do better in sales and management roles?

Answer 10

they respond better to rewards

Question 11

what are the broad predictors of achievement for each b5 trait?

Answer 11

C: general achievement
E: achievement in areas like sales, management, customer service
O: educational engagement, occupational success, creative achievement
A: customer service
N: (low N) performance

Question 12

what did martin et al 2007 find re longevity

Answer 12

1200 people assessed over 7 decades
C was an indicator of likelihood of death as 15% difference in probability of still being alive when high on C or low on C

Question 13

what did C predict that could be linked to increased probability of living longer? bogg and roberts 2004

Answer 13

less alcohol use: 
less drug use:
less unhealthy eating:
less risky driving:
less risky sexual behaviour: 
basically more likely to engage in health promoting behaviours

Question 14

what did armon and toker 2013 find re health check ups 7 years later?

Answer 14

C was s positive predictor of returning
E and O were negative predictors of returning
N was curvilinear (low and high on N would not, while moderate N people did return)

Question 15

positive psych wellbeing has been correlated with longevity… why might this be?

Answer 15

ratings of higher wellbeing tend to be related with high E and low N, maybe there is indirect things at play here

Question 16

although the links are poorly understood, how might positive psych wellbeing improve longevity?

Answer 16

• healthy behaviour eg exercise?
• social relationships and support?
• immune function? cardio function?
• recovery from illness? optimism?

Question 17

what is a type A personality that is associated with risk of heart disease

Answer 17

competitive, ambitious, restless , impatient and hostile

Question 18

how might type A personality be linked to risk of heart disease?

Answer 18

as they are deemed as hostile, this is often reflected in low scores on A…. as such A may protect against risk factors for cardio diseases as there is a reduced sympathetic nervous system response to stress and frustration

Question 19

what is the broad association between B5 and longevity?

Answer 19

O: none
C: positive, health promoting behaviours
E: positive possibly via wellbeing
A: positive possibly via wellbeing
N: (low n) positive possibly via wellbeing

Question 20

what is the diff between actor and partner effects?

Answer 20

actor:
- my A and C affects my satisfaction with my relationship
Partner:
- my partner’s A and C affects my satisfaction with the relationship

Question 21

in relationships, A and C is associated with what ?

Answer 21

higher marital satisfaction

lower rates of infidelity

Question 22

do opposites attract or do we flock together ?

Answer 22

flock together

Question 23

in relationships, N is associated with what ?

Answer 23

decreasing marital stability

Question 24

what seems to generally be the association between B5 and criminality?

Answer 24

low C and low A tend to predict antisocial behaviour

however, some positive correlations with C and white collar crimes

Question 25

what are the theories of indirect effects of criminal behaviour and B5?

Answer 25

• A is hindered by moral disengagement (believe fighting can be justified and teasing is not harmful)
• C linked with poor impulse control

Question 26

briefly summarise the two large distinctions of political ideology

Answer 26

• liberal/progressive: emphasis on equality and protect human rights
• conservative/traditional: emphasis on personal responsibility, protection of individual freedoms, order and tradition

Question 27

what are the beliefs of Right wing authoritarianism (social conservatism) ?

Answer 27

• ## respect for traditions, social norms, authorities, institutions, coercive social control (authoritarianism)

Question 28

what are the beliefs of social dominance orientation (economic conservatism)

Answer 28

• endorsement/tolerance for hierarchies and social/group inequality
  “people work hard and so deserve more….” focus on free markets

Question 29

people higher on O/intellect tend to identify with which ideology?

Answer 29

liberalism (r= .20)

Question 30

T or false? self identified liberals tend to be lower on C than conservatives

Answer 30

T (but small… r = .10)

Question 31

T or F, O/intellect predicts high levels of RWA? what is the correlation?

Answer 31

False

0.36

Question 32

T or F, O/intellect predicts low levels of SDO? what is the correlation?

Answer 32

True

-0.16

Question 33

does C predict slightly higher or lower RWA?

Answer 33

higher

r = 0.15

Question 34

does A predict slightly higher or lower levels of SDO?

Answer 34

lower

-.29

Question 35

broadly, what do the B5 traits indicate about political ideology?

Answer 35

O = valuing change, receptive to new ideas 
C = valuing order/structure, self regulation, somewhat conservative 
A = valuing harmony/cooperation (less comfortable with social hierarchies), more tolerant