Personality And Consequential Outcomes Flashcards
why might personality predict life outcomes?
- direct effects - from general to specific
- indirect effects - mediation, extraversion predicts likelihood of winding up in accidents, because more likely to put you in situations where accidents occur eg, drinking at parties
- interactive/conditional effects - person x environment
what is the lexical hypothesis?
important characteristics will over human history be coded in lang.
how do we measure prediction of achievement?
- job performance
- occupational success
- educational achievement
what did schmidt and hunter 1998 find re C and job performance?
C had correlation with job performance of 0.31 (relatively large in this field) across a range of jobs
integrity tests are a blend of which big 5 traits?
C and A
when schmidt and hunter combined cog abilities with integrity tests what r value did they get?
same for when they combined cog abilities with C
r = 0.65; r = 0.60
what did kaufman et al 2015 find re creative achievement
- intellect reflects engagement with semantic info (sciences)
- openness reflects engagement with perceptual info (arts)
what results did propat 2009 get for correlations of Big 5 and GPA
Cog ability: .25
C: .22
Openness/intellect: .12
A: .07
why/how might personality predict achievement (job)
- direct effects (things that are valued in work place, C people are just better at these things)
- indirect effects (choosing pathways that better fit ones personality
- interactive effects (E’s may respond better to interpersonal challenges of management than N’s)
what is a theory behind why E’s might do better in sales and management roles?
they respond better to rewards
what are the broad predictors of achievement for each b5 trait?
C: general achievement
E: achievement in areas like sales, management, customer service
O: educational engagement, occupational success, creative achievement
A: customer service
N: (low N) performance
what did martin et al 2007 find re longevity
1200 people assessed over 7 decades
C was an indicator of likelihood of death as 15% difference in probability of still being alive when high on C or low on C
what did C predict that could be linked to increased probability of living longer? bogg and roberts 2004
less alcohol use: less drug use: less unhealthy eating: less risky driving: less risky sexual behaviour: basically more likely to engage in health promoting behaviours
what did armon and toker 2013 find re health check ups 7 years later?
C was s positive predictor of returning
E and O were negative predictors of returning
N was curvilinear (low and high on N would not, while moderate N people did return)
positive psych wellbeing has been correlated with longevity… why might this be?
ratings of higher wellbeing tend to be related with high E and low N, maybe there is indirect things at play here
although the links are poorly understood, how might positive psych wellbeing improve longevity?
- healthy behaviour eg exercise?
- social relationships and support?
- immune function? cardio function?
- recovery from illness? optimism?
what is a type A personality that is associated with risk of heart disease
competitive, ambitious, restless , impatient and hostile
how might type A personality be linked to risk of heart disease?
as they are deemed as hostile, this is often reflected in low scores on A…. as such A may protect against risk factors for cardio diseases as there is a reduced sympathetic nervous system response to stress and frustration
what is the broad association between B5 and longevity?
O: none
C: positive, health promoting behaviours
E: positive possibly via wellbeing
A: positive possibly via wellbeing
N: (low n) positive possibly via wellbeing
what is the diff between actor and partner effects?
actor:
- my A and C affects my satisfaction with my relationship
Partner:
- my partner’s A and C affects my satisfaction with the relationship
in relationships, A and C is associated with what ?
higher marital satisfaction
lower rates of infidelity
do opposites attract or do we flock together ?
flock together
in relationships, N is associated with what ?
decreasing marital stability
what seems to generally be the association between B5 and criminality?
low C and low A tend to predict antisocial behaviour
however, some positive correlations with C and white collar crimes
what are the theories of indirect effects of criminal behaviour and B5?
- A is hindered by moral disengagement (believe fighting can be justified and teasing is not harmful)
- C linked with poor impulse control
briefly summarise the two large distinctions of political ideology
- liberal/progressive: emphasis on equality and protect human rights
- conservative/traditional: emphasis on personal responsibility, protection of individual freedoms, order and tradition
what are the beliefs of Right wing authoritarianism (social conservatism) ?
- ## respect for traditions, social norms, authorities, institutions, coercive social control (authoritarianism)
what are the beliefs of social dominance orientation (economic conservatism)
- endorsement/tolerance for hierarchies and social/group inequality
“people work hard and so deserve more….” focus on free markets
people higher on O/intellect tend to identify with which ideology?
liberalism (r= .20)
T or false? self identified liberals tend to be lower on C than conservatives
T (but small… r = .10)
T or F, O/intellect predicts high levels of RWA? what is the correlation?
False
0.36
T or F, O/intellect predicts low levels of SDO? what is the correlation?
True
-0.16
does C predict slightly higher or lower RWA?
higher
r = 0.15
does A predict slightly higher or lower levels of SDO?
lower
-.29
broadly, what do the B5 traits indicate about political ideology?
O = valuing change, receptive to new ideas C = valuing order/structure, self regulation, somewhat conservative A = valuing harmony/cooperation (less comfortable with social hierarchies), more tolerant
