Helping and Harming Flashcards
difference between pro social behaviour, helping and cooperation?
pro social: behaviour intended to help someone else
helping: offering resources to make it easier for someone
cooperation: 2 or more peeps working together where goal will benefit all involved
what are the key take aways about the need for one to perceive the someone else needs help
- situations are often ambiguous so determining if someone needs help can be tough
- we often look to others reactions to reduce ambiguity
what are the phases of determining when people help others?
- perceived that someone does need help
2. assessment on whether or not someone deserves help?
what influences whether or not someone deserves help? what are the sub theories?
norms of helping
- social responsibility (help vulnerable)
- relational models (different relationships in different contexts eg a market pricing relationship based on equity)
- recipient responsibility (did the person bring it on themselves?)
how can attributes of the recipient influence helping?
- identity (in group is more likely to receive help than out group)
- identifiability of victim (more likely to give to specific victim than statistics about this victim “group”
how can attributes of the helper influence helping?
- individual differences (eg big 5, particularly agreeableness)
- is helping on the helper’s mind? (accessibility of pro social thoughts (video game study)
how did darley and latane 1968 investigate the bystander effect? what did they find?
the phone call with 1, 2, or 5 other people over the intercom where individual had a seizure on the call… the more people, the less likely participants were to help (diffusion of responsibility)
what are the situational and social factors that determine helping?
- do i need to help (diffusion of responsibility)
- is help expected? (norm of privacy)
- do I have time? (good samaritan)
how did shotland and straw (1976) investigate the norm of privacy?
had a man and a woman fighting and the woman changed what she said (1. i don’t know you vs. i don’t know why i married you)
found people were much more likely to intervene if it was a “stranger”
how did darley and batson (1973) investigate the good samaritan study?
had participants prepare talk on jobs or on good samaritan study, and 3 conditions (hurry, intermediate hurry, control, no hurry)… found more likely to help more time you had
how did dunn et al 2008 study how helping others feels good?
asked participants to spend money on themselves or on someone else and the next day were asked how they felt, and the ones who spent on others felt better
what is the theory behind egoism/ to be an egoist>
do we help others to feel good about ourselves
what theory is at the heart of the negative state relief model?
that if helping makes me feel better, i should be more inclined to help when I feel bad in order to relieve negative states
how did cialdini, darby and vincent 1973 investigate egosim
induced negative state by participants causing or witnessing papers falling off desk, then were or were not exposed to praise (alleviating negative state)… those who were in neg state which was not alleviated felt more guilt and were more likely to help in other opportunity
what is the base of the empathy altruism model?
when we see someone suffer we feel personal distress which will cause us to help if there is no other way to reduce aversive state, BUT we also feel empathic concern, which will trigger helping regardless if there are other ways of reducing our internal aversive state (eg, leaving the situation)
