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Psych GRE > Personality & Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Personality & Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

psychodynamic / psychoanalytic theory

A

existence of unconscious internal states that motivate overt actions of individuals & determine personality

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2
Q

id

A

reservoir of all psychic energy; everything psychological is present at birth

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3
Q

ego

A

mode of functioning; operates according to reality principle

objective: takes into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits activity of id

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4
Q

superego

A

strives for ideal rather than real; moral branch

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5
Q

2 subsystems of the superego

A
  1. conscience

2. ego-ideal

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6
Q

conscience

A

where what child is punished for goes

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7
Q

ego-ideal

A

incorporates what child gets rewarded for

punishment/reward –> right/wrong

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8
Q

pleasure principle

A

aim to immediately discharge any energy build up

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9
Q

primary process

A

id’s response to frustration; satisfaction now, not later

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10
Q

wish-fulfillement

A

mental image of the object

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11
Q

instinct

A

innate psychological representation of bodily excitation

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12
Q

eros

A

life, instinct, purpose

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13
Q

libido

A

form of energy by which life instincts perform their work

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14
Q

thanatos

A

death instinct; unconscious wish for ultimate absolute state of quiescence

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15
Q

defense mechanisms

A

ego’s recourse to releasing excessive pressures due to anxiety

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16
Q

8 defense mechanisms

A
  1. repression
  2. suppression
  3. projection
  4. reaction formation
  5. rationalization
  6. regression
  7. sublimation
  8. displacement
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17
Q

repression

A

unconscious forgetting of anxiety-producing memories

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18
Q

suppression

A

deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

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19
Q

projection

A

person attributes forbidden urges to others

I hate my uncle –> anxiety –> my uncle hates me

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20
Q

reaction formation

A

repressed wish warded off by its diametrical opposite

boy hates brother –> punished for hostile acts –> now shows affection

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21
Q

rationalization

A

process of developing socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior or thoughts

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22
Q

regression

A

reverting to earlier stage of development in response to trauma

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23
Q

sublimation

A

transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

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24
Q

displacement

A

pent-up feelings discharged on objects & people less dangerous than those objects or people causing the feelings

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25
Q

Carl Jung

A

behavior motivated by inborn archetypes

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26
Q

libido according to Carl Jung

A

psychic energy in general (not just rooted into sexuality)

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27
Q

collective unconscious

A

system shared among all humans; residue of ancestral experiences

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28
Q

archetypes

A

thought or image w/ an emotional element

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29
Q

5 archetypes

A
  1. persona
  2. anima
  3. animus
  4. shadow
  5. self
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30
Q

anima

A

archetype: feminine behavior in males

31
Q

animus

A

archetype: feminine behavior in females

32
Q

shadow

A

animal instincts that humans inherited in evolution from lower forms of life

33
Q

Jung’s 2 personality orientations

A
  1. extroversion

2. introversion

34
Q

inferiority complex

A

individual’s sense of incompleteness, sense of imperfection, physical inferiorities, & social disabilities

35
Q

fictional finalism

A

individual motivated more by his or her expectations of the future than by past experiences

36
Q

object-relations theory

A

looks at creation & development of internalized objects in young children

37
Q

psychoanalysis

A

type of psychotherapy developed by Freud; long-term treatment for uncovering repressed memories

38
Q

free association

A

client says whatever comes to his or her conscious mind

39
Q

dream interpretation

A

helped understand unconscious conflicts

40
Q

resistance

A

unwillingness or inability to relate to certain thoughts, motives, or experiences

41
Q

transference

A

attributing to therapist attitudes & feelings that developed in patient’s relations w/ significant others in the past

42
Q

countertransference

A

therapist feeling emotions toward patient

43
Q

neo-Freudian approach

A

more emphasis on current interpersonal relationships than childhood experiences & psychosexual development

44
Q

behaviorism

A

look at behavior instead of unconscious instincts

45
Q

social learning theory

A

modeling observed behavior; learning occurs by having one’s own behavior reinforced & by observing other people’s behaviors being reinforced

46
Q

behaviorists vs. psychoanalystics

A

psychoanalysts: symptoms are manifestations of some disorder
behaviorists: symptoms are the disorder

47
Q

cognitive-behavior therapy

A

tries to restructure patient’s distorted & irrational thoughts

48
Q

Albert Ellis rational-emotive therapy (RET)

A

therapist challenges irrationl belief

49
Q

symptom substitution

A

underlying cause still there; new symptoms will develop

psychanalysts do not believe symptom relief is adequate therapy. new symptoms will develop

50
Q

phenomenological theorists

A

emphasize internal processes rather than overt behavior

focus on what distinguishes us from animals

51
Q

Kurt Lewin’s field theory

A

personality = dynamic, constantly changing

52
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy

A

needs organized ascending from basic to complex

53
Q

self-actualization

A

highest need on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: profound experiences in person’s life that have important & lasting effects

54
Q

human-existential therapy

A

emphasizes process of finding meaning in one’s life by making own choices

(mental illness is due to lack of meaningful existence)

55
Q

client-centered therapy

A

(person-centered, nondirective)

  • people have freedom to control behavior
56
Q

type theorist

A

characterize people according to specific types of personality

57
Q

trait theorist

A

attempt to ascertain fundamental dimensions of personality

58
Q

Type A

A

competitive, compulsive

59
Q

Type B

A

laid-back, relaxed

60
Q

Gordon Allport’s 3 traits

A
  1. cardinal
  2. central
  3. secondary
61
Q

cardinal

A

trait around which person organizes life (Mother Teresa)

62
Q

central

A

major characteristics of personality that are easy to infer

honesty

63
Q

secondary

A

more personal characteristics

64
Q

functional autonomy

A

given activity or form of behavior may become end or goal in itself

65
Q

idiographic

A

study personality by focusing on individual case studies

66
Q

nomothetic

A

study personality by focusing on groups & finding commonalities between individuals

67
Q

nAch (need for achievement)

A

if you’re rated high in this, you avoid high risks & set realistic goals

68
Q

internal locus of control

A

believe they can control own destiny

69
Q

external locus of control

A

outside events & chance control destiny

70
Q

machiavellian

A

personality trait; someone manipulative & deceitful

71
Q

androgyny

A

stage of being simultaneously masculine & feminine

72
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

framework used to examine causes of mental disorders

diathesis: predisposition toward developing specific mental disorder

73
Q

primary prevention

A

efforts to seek out & eradicate conditions that foster mental illness & establish conditions that foster mental health

Psych GRE (8 decks)

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