Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychological Assessment > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the concept of personality originate from and why?

A

The West - oriented towards individualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is personality?

A

Dynamic and complex organisation of psychological and physiological systems that gives direction to or determines characteristic patterns of feelings, thoughts and behaviours

Enduring dispositions / stable over time

Unique constellation of psychological traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are personality traits?

A

a distinguishable enduring way one individual differs from another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is personality state?

A

a relatively temporary predisposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When assessing personality you can classify people into:

A

personality profiles and

personality types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a personality profile?

A

a narrative description e.g. the MMPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a personality type?

A

a constellation of traits similar to a category within a taxonomy of personalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the 6 personality types John Holland argued for?

A 
Artistic, 
Enterprising, Investigative, 
Social, 
Realistic, or 
Conventional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What test did John Holland develop?

A

Self-directed search (used for vocational assistance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Friedman and Rosenman developed which typology?

A

A two-category personality typology:
Type A: competitive and dominant
Type B: mellow and laid back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 major theoretical models of personality?

A 
Trait: ind. differences 
Psychodynamic: developmental aspects 
Situational: context driven
Interaction: interplay with environment
Phenomenological: internal subjective experiences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 5 contrasting ideas when looking at personality?

A 
Uniqueness vs. universality 
Nature vs. nurture 
State vs. trait
Free will vs. determinism 
Conscious vs. unconscious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did Hippocrates see ‘humors’ related to personality?

A

excess humour (blood, bile and phlegm) = different character (active, gloomy, angry, passive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can we assess theories of personality?

A 
Assess:
• explanatory power 
• testable?
• concepts defined
• empirically tested
• falsifiable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does falsifiable mean?

A

It can be proved incorrect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is personality a good way of thinking about someone?

A
  • framework of understanding
  • relating to others
  • identify drives/ motivations
  • identify patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 ways instruments used in personalty assessment vary?

A
  • A-theoretical (no practical application)
  • Theory saturated
  • Empirical (MMPI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an example of a personality assessment?

A

MMPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When logic and reason is used to develop tests which approach is this?

A

content-oriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the data reduction method in test development involve?

A

narrowing down lists/ categories to come up with a minimum number of variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do items on a personality assessment generally test for?

A

Response style: tendency
Impression management
Validity: honesty, carelessness and misunderstanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do nomothetic and idiographic approaches to personality assessment change the outcome?

A

generalisable vs. descriptive

theoretical labels vs. how and why

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

There are two types of personality assessment:

A

Objective (self-report)
and
Projective (performance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does ipsative mean?

A

either-or scenarios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does normative mean when talking about types of assessment?
comparing to a 'normative' group
26
What are three types of tests that involve responses to stimulus?
Kinetic figure drawing Thematic Apperception Test (TAT- picture stories) Rorschach Technique
27
What is the interview used for personality assessment?
Composite International Diagnostic Interview
28
What does K measure in the MMPI-2?
validity: impression management / Social desirability bias testing
29
What does O measure in the MMPI-2?
social introversion
30
How has the MMPI developed over time?
removal of sexist/ racist language less items population sample broadened restandardised in 1989 MMPI-2
31
What type of test is the MMPI-2?
self-report for 18+
32
How many validity scales are there in the MMPI-2?
11
33
What does VRIN stand for in the MMPI?
Variable Response Inconsistency (responses don't match- possibly lying)
34
What does TRIN stand for in the MMPI?
True Response Inconsistency (tendency for yes or no)
35
What does L measure in the MMPI-2?
Lying: denial of minor faults
36
What does S measure in the MMPI-2?
Superlative: impression management / self-deception
37
What does FBS measure in the MMPI-2?
Symptom Validity: not credible symptoms because overemphasis
38
What does F measure in the MMPI-2?
Infrequency: random responding comprehension difficulties, no contact with reality, psychopathology
39
What does Fb measure in the MMPI-2?
Back Infrequency: suicidal ideation, hopelessness
40
What does FP measure in the MMPI-2?
Infrequency Psychopathology: over reporting psychopathology
41
What does F-K measure in the MMPI-2?
Dissiumulation Index: feigning presence/ denying psychopathology
42
What does the Internalisation Ratio (IR) measure in the MMPI-2?
Coping style: externalising (aggression/ blaming) or internalising (withdrawal, isolation, hurt)
43
What does the Goldberg Index measure in the MMPI-2?
Separates neurotic from psychotic
44
What are the best personality dimensions best for predicting performance?
Conscientiousness and Neuroticism (good for attention to detail, although not great in high stress)
45
Low L, High F and Low K on the MMPI-2 =
distressed and disclosing | L:Lying, F:Random, K:Correction
46
High L, F and K on the MMPI-2 means?
``` Low validity (L:Lying, F:Random, K:Correction) ```
47
High L, low F and low K on the MMPI-2 =
``` naive defensiveness (not deliberate lying) (L:Lying, F:Random, K:Correction) ```
48
Mid L, Low F, Mid K on the MMPI-2=
Stiffness | L:Lying, F:Random, K:Correction
49
Low L, F and K on the MMPI-2 means?
``` non defensive (valid) (L:Lying, F:Random, K:Correction) ```
50
Mid to high L, High F, high K in the MMPI-2 =
invalid response pattern | L:Lying, F:Random, K:Correction
51
What does K measure in the MMPI-2?
Correction: sophisticated defensive approach
52
What are the 10 MMPI-2 Clinical Scales?
1: HS - Hypochondriasis 2: D - Depression 3: Hy - Hysteria 4: Pd - Psychopathic Deviate 5: MF - Masculinity/ Femininity 6: Pa - Paranoia 7: Pt - Psychasthenia (worry) 8: Sc - Schizophrenia 9: Ma - Hypomania 10: Si - Social Introversion
53
What is measured by the HS scale?
Concerns about bodily functioning / symptoms control/ manipulation / demanding
54
What is measured by the D scale?
Depressive Symptoms
55
What is measured by the Hy scale?
Awareness of problems and vulnerabilities Self-centred, immature, flirtatious
56
What is measured by the Pd scale?
Conflict, struggle, anger, respect for society's rules antisocial, substance abuse, social problems, authority
57
What is measured by the MF scale?
Stereotypical masculine or feminine interests/behaviors Reverse scored for females
58
What is measured by the Pa scale?
Level of trust, suspiciousness, sensitivity delusions
59
What is measured by the Pt scale?
Worry, Anxiety, tension, doubts, obsessiveness
60
What is measured by the Sc scale?
Odd thinking and social alienation poor concentration, delusions, withdrawal
61
What is measured by the Ma scale?
Level of excitability restlessness, euphoric, impulsive
62
What is measured by the Si scale?
People orientation social interaction, introverted, indecision
63
What, overall should be considered when choosing an assessment?
The assessors worldview
64
What scale did Raymond Cattell design?
16PF
65
What is the 16PF designed to be used for?
(16+) personality in a borad range of settings: clinical, organisational, school
66
What is the 16PF good and bad at measuring?
Good: social skills Bad: motivation
67
What does TAT stand for?
Thematic Apperception test
68
What materials are used in the TAT?
10 black and white ambiguous drawn picture cards (different versions for different ages)
69
What do participants have to do in the TAT?
Tell a story about each picture (assimilate new - the picture - experience with past experience)
70
What is assessed in the TAT?
``` Content Structure/ expression Gestalt Self-image Preference ```
71
What are the two types of projective personality tests?
Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test
72
What made the scoring of the Rorschach better?
The founding of the Exner/ Rorschach research Council
73
What system was developed from Exner's work with the Rorschach scoring after he died?
Performance Assessment System (R-PAS)
74
What could be some issues with the Rorschach?
Images have been in public Tester Projections Scores correlate with intelligence?
75
What are some reasons people would demonstrate malingering?
* Compensation (financial) * Avoidance of responsibility * Avoidance of work * Prison transfer * Drug seeking
76
Most common types of malingering?
– Injury / Pain – Injury / Cognitive Deficit – Depression – PTSD
77
How can you detect malingering?
* Non-verbal cues * Eagerness to draw attention to symptoms * Absurd or inconsistent responses * Overacting the part * Rare symptoms * Unlikely symptom combination * Symptom severity
78
How does PTSD relate to personality tests?
Use them to detect malingering level
79
What does PAI stand for?
Personality Assessment Inventory

Psychological Assessment (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions