Intelligence Flashcards by Ash Underwood

What did Spearman propose about intelligence?

g-factor
and
two-factor theory (developed factor analysis)

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What did Binet and Simon develop?

children’s scale for selection

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Who are some big names in intelligence testing?

Spearman (g/ 2 factor: factor analysis) 
Binet (children scale) 
Terman (stanford binet)
Wechsler (WISC scale) 
Goleman (emotional intelligence)

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What are some of the issues surrounding intelligence? (9)

Nature vs. Nurture
Achievement vs aptitude
Generalisable validity (culture?)
Labelling (self-for-filling prophecy)
Factor structure
Test bias
Test gains
Divergent thinking
Different intelligences

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How did WWI affect intelligence testing?

The need for mass screening recruits

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What is one issue with emotional intelligence?

mainly Self-report

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What is the difference between achievement and aptitude?

achievement: underlying quality
aptitude: potential for achievement

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Current trends of thinking about intelligence?

neural basis: 2 dimensions
heritability affected by SES
fruitless search for IQ related gene
aerobics important

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What are the two types of intelligence proposed by spearman?

fluid

crystallised

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Which type of intelligence can be trained?

fluid

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What does Wechsler argue about his subtests for the measure of intelligence?

They are different aspects of intelligence,

NOT different kinds of intelligence

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Wechsler’s scale is the:

WAIS-IV: 10 subtests plus 5 supplementary subtests

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What is the overall score obtained by doing the WAIS-IV?

FSIQ

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What are the 4 index scores obtained by doing the WAIS-IV?

Verbal comprehension
Perceptual reasoning
Working memory
Processing speed

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What would you score on the WAIS-IV if you were described as very superior?

130 (>98%ile)

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What would you score on the WAIS-IV if you were described as extremely low?

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What would you score on the WAIS-IV if you were described as borderline?

70-79 (2-8%ile)

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Perceptual reasoning subtests can include activities that involve?

block design, 
matrix reasoning, 
visual puzzles, 
figure weights,
picture completion

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What do people have to do during the block design task?

recreate the picture using blocks within in a time

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What skills are involved during the matrix reasoning task?

analogical reasoning

serial reasoning

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What types of tasks are involved in the verbal subtests?

similarities: say a word that is alike
vocab: meaning
info: crystallised intelligence
comprehension

What types of tasks are involved in working memory subtests?

digit span: forward (stm), backward (wm) and sequencing (wm & transformation)
arithmetic
letter-number sequence: U-6-H-5

What types of tasks are involved in the processing speed subtests?

symbol search,
coding
cancellation

What is discrepancy analysis?

How much does an individual with a disability differ from one without

What is the WAIS-IV used for?

* diagnosis of intellectual disability * psycho-educational (placement, disability, giftedness also WISC-IV) * differential diagnosis of neurological vs psychiatric disorders * talent selection (organisations) * intervention/ treatment targets

What are the 3 user responsibilities when using the WAIS-IV?

* training and experience * safeguard materials * no copying

What are some of the 'fairness' issues with the WAIS-IV?

* WAIS or WISC? * Reevaluation wait 2 years * Special needs populations

How much time should be taken to administer the WAIS-IV?

* up to 100 min for normal/ gifted | * up to 59 min for intellectual disability

How might you establish / keep rapport?

* talk generally/ informally * ask questions * statements of encouragement not right/ wrong

What order should the tests of the WAIS-IV be done?

core tests then supp subtests (maintain order if removing one test)

On what grounds might one engage in substituting one subtest for another during the WAIS-IV?

refuses to answer disruptions previously familiar if same response to all items is being given

What constraints are there for selecting subtests to administer during the WAIS-IV?

No more than 2 subs for FSIQ or GAI No supp for composite score 1 supp max for index score

What is the effect of having start points, reverse rules and discontinue points in the WAIS-IV?

shorten test time reduce boredom avoid not being able to answer

What should you do if additional time has been given to complete an item during the WAIS-IV?

do not score as correct | maintain rapport

Should time be adjusted if you had to repeat a question during the WAIS-IV?

When should questions other than the questions from the task be asked during the WAIS-IV?

When more info is needed

When should prompts be used during the WAIS-IV?

to teach/ remind of instructions

When should repetition be used other than being asked to repeat the question during the WAIS-IV?

To redirect/ divert attention/ avoid answering a question

When should you not repeat a task in the WAIS-IV?

In digit span and letter-number sequence

What are start points in the WAIS-IV?

place you begin (if intellectual disability always start with 1)

What are reverse rules in the WAIS-IV?

items before the start item (where the test doesn't start at 1) - they EXTEND THE FLOOR

What should you do with the reverse items in the WAIS-IV when an examinee obtains a perfect score on the first two items administered (and doesn't have to complete the lower items)?

Award full credit for those items automatically

What would a slash next to a reverse item mean in the WAIS-IV?

reverse items not attempted

What would a circle around an item mean in the WAIS-IV?

attempted and the score given

What happens in the WAIS-IV if the examinee does not obtain a perfect score on either the first or the second item administered?

reverse items are given in reverse sequence until 2 or more consecutive items gain a perfect score

If the examinee obtains a perfect score on the first item administered, but not on the second item administered in the WAIS-IV what should you do?

count the first item toward the reversal criterion of two consecutive scores

What are discontinuous rules in the WAIS-IV?

criteria for when to cease subtest (e.g. so many 0s in a row)

What should you avoid when thinking about discontinuing WAIS-IV administration with a client?

premature discontinuation

When scoring the digit-span or letter-number sequencing tasks when should you discontinue?

when all trials within a single item are 0

What is an example of how the WAIS-IV content changes across time?

Q. What should you do if you find an envelope with a stamp on it? -Smallpox fear! Q. If you were in the woods, how might you find your way out? - Google maps!

Other than scores, what should be noted during the administration of the WAIS-IV?

Behaviour