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Psychological Assessment > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

What did Spearman propose about intelligence?

A

g-factor
and
two-factor theory (developed factor analysis)

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2
Q

What did Binet and Simon develop?

A

children’s scale for selection

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3
Q

Who are some big names in intelligence testing?

A 
Spearman (g/ 2 factor: factor analysis) 
Binet (children scale) 
Terman (stanford binet)
Wechsler (WISC scale) 
Goleman (emotional intelligence)
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4
Q

What are some of the issues surrounding intelligence? (9)

A
  • Nature vs. Nurture
  • Achievement vs aptitude
  • Generalisable validity (culture?)
  • Labelling (self-for-filling prophecy)
  • Factor structure
  • Test bias
  • Test gains
  • Divergent thinking
  • Different intelligences
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5
Q

How did WWI affect intelligence testing?

A

The need for mass screening recruits

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6
Q

What is one issue with emotional intelligence?

A

mainly Self-report

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7
Q

What is the difference between achievement and aptitude?

A

achievement: underlying quality
aptitude: potential for achievement

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8
Q

Current trends of thinking about intelligence?

A
  • neural basis: 2 dimensions
  • heritability affected by SES
  • fruitless search for IQ related gene
  • aerobics important
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9
Q

What are the two types of intelligence proposed by spearman?

A

fluid

crystallised

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10
Q

Which type of intelligence can be trained?

A

fluid

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11
Q

What does Wechsler argue about his subtests for the measure of intelligence?

A

They are different aspects of intelligence,

NOT different kinds of intelligence

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12
Q

Wechsler’s scale is the:

A

WAIS-IV: 10 subtests plus 5 supplementary subtests

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13
Q

What is the overall score obtained by doing the WAIS-IV?

A

FSIQ

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14
Q

What are the 4 index scores obtained by doing the WAIS-IV?

A

Verbal comprehension
Perceptual reasoning
Working memory
Processing speed

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15
Q

What would you score on the WAIS-IV if you were described as very superior?

A

130 (>98%ile)

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16
Q

What would you score on the WAIS-IV if you were described as extremely low?

A
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17
Q

What would you score on the WAIS-IV if you were described as borderline?

A

70-79 (2-8%ile)

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18
Q

Perceptual reasoning subtests can include activities that involve?

A 
block design, 
matrix reasoning, 
visual puzzles, 
figure weights,
picture completion
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19
Q

What do people have to do during the block design task?

A

recreate the picture using blocks within in a time

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20
Q

What skills are involved during the matrix reasoning task?

A

analogical reasoning

serial reasoning

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21
Q

What types of tasks are involved in the verbal subtests?

A

similarities: say a word that is alike
vocab: meaning
info: crystallised intelligence
comprehension

22
Q

What types of tasks are involved in working memory subtests?

A

digit span: forward (stm), backward (wm) and sequencing (wm & transformation)
arithmetic
letter-number sequence: U-6-H-5

23
Q

What types of tasks are involved in the processing speed subtests?

A

symbol search,
coding
cancellation

24
Q

What is discrepancy analysis?

A

How much does an individual with a disability differ from one without

25
Q

What is the WAIS-IV used for?

A
  • diagnosis of intellectual disability
  • psycho-educational (placement, disability, giftedness also WISC-IV)
  • differential diagnosis of neurological vs psychiatric disorders
  • talent selection (organisations)
  • intervention/ treatment targets
26
Q

What are the 3 user responsibilities when using the WAIS-IV?

A
  • training and experience
  • safeguard materials
  • no copying
27
Q

What are some of the ‘fairness’ issues with the WAIS-IV?

A
  • WAIS or WISC?
  • Reevaluation wait 2 years
  • Special needs populations
28
Q

How much time should be taken to administer the WAIS-IV?

A
  • up to 100 min for normal/ gifted

* up to 59 min for intellectual disability

29
Q

How might you establish / keep rapport?

A
  • talk generally/ informally
  • ask questions
  • statements of encouragement not right/ wrong
30
Q

What order should the tests of the WAIS-IV be done?

A

core tests then supp subtests (maintain order if removing one test)

31
Q

On what grounds might one engage in substituting one subtest for another during the WAIS-IV?

A

refuses to answer
disruptions
previously familiar
if same response to all items is being given

32
Q

What constraints are there for selecting subtests to administer during the WAIS-IV?

A

No more than 2 subs for FSIQ or GAI
No supp for composite score
1 supp max for index score

33
Q

What is the effect of having start points, reverse rules and discontinue points in the WAIS-IV?

A

shorten test time
reduce boredom
avoid not being able to answer

34
Q

What should you do if additional time has been given to complete an item during the WAIS-IV?

A

do not score as correct

maintain rapport

35
Q

Should time be adjusted if you had to repeat a question during the WAIS-IV?

A

No

36
Q

When should questions other than the questions from the task be asked during the WAIS-IV?

A

When more info is needed

37
Q

When should prompts be used during the WAIS-IV?

A

to teach/ remind of instructions

38
Q

When should repetition be used other than being asked to repeat the question during the WAIS-IV?

A

To redirect/ divert attention/ avoid answering a question

39
Q

When should you not repeat a task in the WAIS-IV?

A

In digit span and letter-number sequence

40
Q

What are start points in the WAIS-IV?

A

place you begin (if intellectual disability always start with 1)

41
Q

What are reverse rules in the WAIS-IV?

A

items before the start item (where the test doesn’t start at 1) - they EXTEND THE FLOOR

42
Q

What should you do with the reverse items in the WAIS-IV when an examinee obtains a perfect score on the first two items administered (and doesn’t have to complete the lower items)?

A

Award full credit for those items automatically

43
Q

What would a slash next to a reverse item mean in the WAIS-IV?

A

reverse items not attempted

44
Q

What would a circle around an item mean in the WAIS-IV?

A

attempted and the score given

45
Q

What happens in the WAIS-IV if the examinee does not obtain a perfect score on either the first or the second item administered?

A

reverse items are given in reverse sequence until 2 or more consecutive items gain a perfect score

46
Q

If the examinee obtains a perfect score on the first item administered, but not on the second item administered in the WAIS-IV what should you do?

A

count the first item toward the reversal criterion of two consecutive scores

47
Q

What are discontinuous rules in the WAIS-IV?

A

criteria for when to cease subtest (e.g. so many 0s in a row)

48
Q

What should you avoid when thinking about discontinuing WAIS-IV administration with a client?

A

premature discontinuation

49
Q

When scoring the digit-span or letter-number sequencing tasks when should you discontinue?

A

when all trials within a single item are 0

50
Q

What is an example of how the WAIS-IV content changes across time?

A

Q. What should you do if you find an envelope with a stamp on it? -Smallpox fear!
Q. If you were in the woods, how might you find your way out? - Google maps!

51
Q

Other than scores, what should be noted during the administration of the WAIS-IV?

A

Behaviour

Psychological Assessment (10 decks)

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