Interviews Flashcards
What is the purpose of psychological assessment?
To build a mental profile of someone
What is Physiognomy?
Believing that your external appearance reflects your personality (Ancient Greeks & 19th century)
What is Humourism?
People operate as a hydraulic system
with fluids controlling things in our body and our temperament (Indian Ayurveda, Ancient Greek & Roman)
Blood
Yellow bile
Black bile
Phlegm
What was the purpose of psychological assessment during WWI?
Mass efficient selection - competencies
How did Space travel influence assessment?
Theorising what people need to complete a hypothetical task: making a profile of the ideal candidate then reverse engineering
What movements/ events have influenced psychological assessment?
Physiognomy, Humorism, WWI, Space
What is the difference between assessment and testing?
Testing = administration of a psychological test measuring psychological variables to obtain a sample of behaviour
Assessment = integration of psychological data (tests and other) to make an evaluation
What is psychological assessment usually framed around?
The referral question
What are some examples of different types of tools used for assessment? (8)
- tests
- portfolio assessment
- performance-based assessment
- the case history
- behavioral observation
- role-play tests
- computerized assessment
- assessment using simulations or video
What information could you obtain if you were assessing a child’s intelligence?
Pregnancy/ postnatal history Developmental markers: language motor and social First noticed/ when it happens Antecedents: home life/ bullying Hearing and vision Learning styles Stroop/ other tests
What information would you collect for an adult referred to for depression assessment?
Background - medical and other (+duration) Antecedents (sig. events) Self report Referral person/ information Baseline Occupational, family or genetic issues Demographics Hygiene/ behaviour DASS / other tests
When can we use observations?
during test administration
during interviews
in natural settings
during role-play
What is a pitfall of observations?
Very biased
What is the most important means of data collection?
The interview
What does the interview enable?
a framework/ context for tentative hypotheses
What are some big developments/ movements in interviewing practice?
self-exploration therapeutic alliance hybrid (structured vs not) computer assisted cultural awareness
What movement are interviews centred on today?
Cultural awareness
Which has more predictive validity: Situational interviews or
past-related behaviour interviews?
Situational
What biases are seen interviews?
- halo: impression influences opinion
- Confirmatory: selecting information that fits your existing view
- Physical attractiveness
- Interviewee distortions: overemphasis on events
How much of the message in an interview is received from facial expressions?
55%
What are some different types of cues other than verbal? (5)
- demographics
- medical (diagnosis/ medications ect.)
- physical
- cognitive (attention etc.)
- immediacy (engagement, facial expressions, personality etc.)
What are the 5 Ps of the clinical interview?
Presenting Precipitating Perpetuating Pre-morbid Protective
What does Precipitating refer to?
the events that surrounding the experiences (proximal: antecedents)
What does Perpetuating refer to?
things that make it worse/ aid in continuing negative experience
What does Premorbid refer to?
previous physical and mental health and risk factors (homelessness/ abuse)
What does Protective refer to?
things that help functioning
What does the acronym SOLER for interview micro skills stand for?
S: Squarely face the client O: Open posture L: Lean toward the client E: Eye contact R: Relax
What should you avoid in an interview?
- Non-listening
- Partial listening
- Tape-recorder listening
- Rehearsing
- Interruptions
- Question threat
What instruments can be used to assess depression?
- DASS; 42 item or 21
- Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10); 10 items
- Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II); 21 items
- Mental Status/State Exam
What does the DASS measure?
depression, anxiety and stress
What does the K10 measure?
psychological distress
What does the BDI-II measure?
the intensity of depression
What information can be used to assess learning problems?
Referral information
Reports from other professionals
Tests
Behavioural observations
What tests can be used to assess learning problems?
General ability/ intelligence tests
reading tests
Achievement tests
